热无义
问题描述
经过大量搜索、阅读我找到的每个教程并在这里提出一些问题后，我终于设法正确地(至少我认为)回答了 if-none-match 和 if-modified-since HTTP 请求.
After searching a lot, reading every tutorials I've found and asking some questions here, I've finally managed to answer corrctly (at least I think) to if-none-match and if-modified-since HTTP requests.
快速回顾一下，这就是我在每个可缓存页面上所做的:
To do a quick recap, this is what I do on every pages cacheable:
session_cache_limiter('public'); //Cache on clients and proxies
session_cache_expire(180); //3 hours
header('Content-Type: ' . $documentMimeType . '; charset=' . $charset);
header('ETag: "' . $eTag . '"'); //$eTag is a MD5 of $currentLanguage + $lastModified
if ($isXML)
header('Vary: Accept'); //$documentMimeType can be either application/xhtml+xml or text/html for XHTML (based on $_SERVER['HTTP_ACCEPT'])
header('Last-Modified: ' . $lastModified);
header('Content-Language: ' . $currentLanguage);
此外，每个页面都有自己的 URL(对于每种语言).例如，index.php"将在英文网址/en/home"和法文网址/fr/accueil"下提供.
Also, every page have it's own URL (for every languages). For example, "index.php" will be served under URL "/en/home" in English and "/fr/accueil" in French.
我的大问题是仅在需要时对 if-none-match 和 if-modified-since HTTP 请求响应304 Not Modified".
My big problem was to answer a "304 Not Modified" to if-none-match and if-modified-since HTTP requests only when needed.
我找到的最好的文档是:http://rithiur.anthd.com/tutorials/conditionalget.php
The best doc I've found is: http://rithiur.anthd.com/tutorials/conditionalget.php
这是我做的实现(这段代码在可以缓存的页面上称为ASAP):
And this is the implementation I did of it (this piece of code is called ASAP on pages that can be cached):
$ifNoneMatch = array_key_exists('HTTP_IF_NONE_MATCH', $_SERVER) ? $_SERVER['HTTP_IF_NONE_MATCH'] : false;
$ifModifiedSince = array_key_exists('HTTP_IF_MODIFIED_SINCE', $_SERVER) ? $_SERVER['HTTP_IF_MODIFIED_SINCE'] : false;
if ($ifNoneMatch !== false && $ifModifiedSince !== false)
{
//Both if-none-match and if-modified-since were received.
//They must match the document values in order to send a HTTP 304 answer.
if ($ifNoneMatch == $eTag && $ifModifiedSince == $lastModified)
{
header('Not Modified', true, 304);
exit();
}
}
else
{
//Only one header received, it it match the document value, send a HTTP 304 answer.
if (($ifNoneMatch !== false && $ifNoneMatch == $eTag) || ($ifModifiedSince !== false && $ifModifiedSince == $lastModified))
{
header('Not Modified', true, 304);
exit();
}
}
我的问题有两个:
- 这是正确的做法吗?我的意思是，当发送 if-none-match 和 if-modified-since 时，both 必须匹配才能回答 304，如果只发送两者之一，则只匹配这个就可以发送304?
- 在此处描述的上下文中使用时，这 2 个代码段是否对公共缓存友好(我的意思是在代理和网络浏览器上对缓存友好)?
- Is it the correct way to do it? I mean when if-none-match and if-modified-since are sent, both must match to answer a 304, and if only one of the two is sent, only matching this one is OK to send a 304?
- When used in the context described here, is these 2 snippets are public cache friendly (I mean cache friendly on proxies and Web browsers)?
顺便说一句，我只使用 PHP 5.1.0+(我不支持低于它的版本).
BTW, I use PHP 5.1.0+ only (I don't support versions lower that that).
增加了赏金……我期待高质量的回答.如果您在猜测某事，请不要回答/投票！
Added bounty... I expect quality answer. Don't answer/vote if you are guessing something!
推荐答案
- 这不太正确.请看一下算法:alt text http://img532.imageshack.us/img532/1017/cache.png
- 该解决方案是代理友好的，您可以使用 Cache-control: proxy-revalidate 强制缓存遵守您提供的有关资源的任何新鲜信息(仅适用于共享|代理缓存)
以下是可能有用的函数:
Here is the function that might help:
function isModified($mtime, $etag) {
return !( (
isset($_SERVER['HTTP_IF_MODIFIED_SINCE'])
&&
strtotime($_SERVER['HTTP_IF_MODIFIED_SINCE']) >= $mtime
) || (
isset($_SERVER['HTTP_IF_NONE_MATCH'])
&&
$_SERVER['HTTP_IF_NONE_MATCH'] == $etag
) ) ;
}
我建议你看看下面的文章:http://www.peej.co.uk/articles/http-caching.html
I suggest that you take a look at the following article: http://www.peej.co.uk/articles/http-caching.html
更新:
[AlexV] 甚至可以同时接收 if-none-match 和 if-modified-since 吗?
[AlexV] Is is even possible to receive if-none-match AND if-modified-since at the same time?
你绝对可以同时设置.然而:
You can definitely have both set. However:
如果没有实体标签匹配，那么服务器可以执行请求的方法，就好像 If-None-Match 头字段不存在一样，但也必须忽略任何 If-Modified-Since 头字段中的要求.也就是说，如果没有实体标签匹配，则服务器不得返回 304(未修改)响应.
If none of the entity tags match, then the server MAY perform the requested method as if the If-None-Match header field did not exist, but MUST also ignore any If-Modified-Since header field(s) in the request. That is, if no entity tags match, then the server MUST NOT return a 304 (Not Modified) response.
RFC2616 #14.26
示例值(W 代表弱"；阅读更多内容RFC2616 #13.3.3):
Example values (W stands for 'weak'; read more in RFC2616 #13.3.3):
If-None-Match: "xyzzy", "r2d2xxxx", "c**iozzzz" If-None-Match: W/"xyzzy", W/"r2d2xxxx", W/"c**iozzzz" If-Modified-Since: Sat, 29 Oct 1994 19:43:31 GMT If-None-Match: *
作为一种特殊情况，值*"匹配资源的任何当前实体.
As a special case, the value "*" matches any current entity of the resource.
