问题描述
我试图找到一种在windows下使用python修改文件时间戳的简单方法,但是网上没有太多明确的信息.经过一段时间的搜索,我得到了解决方案.为了缩短对其他人的搜索,代码如下.
I tried to find an easy way to modifiy a file timestamp under windows using python, but there was not much clear information on the web. After searching a while I got a solution. To shorten the search for others, the code follows here.
它可能会更简单、更美观,但它确实有效.我唯一没有解决的是夏季时间 - 冬季时间问题,即如果给出夏季时间,结果会相差一小时.也许有人可以添加更正?
It might be done easier and more beautiful, but it works. The only thing I didn't solve is the summer time - winter time issue, i.e. if a time in summer is given, the result differs by one hour. Maybe someone can add a correction?
from win32file import CreateFile, SetFileTime, GetFileTime, CloseHandle from win32file import GENERIC_READ, GENERIC_WRITE, OPEN_EXISTING from pywintypes import Time import time import sys import os if len(sys.argv)<5: pfile = os.path.basename(sys.argv[0]) print "USAGE: %s <createTime> <modifyTime> <accessTime> <FileName> " % pfile print "EXAMPLE:" print '%s "01.01.2000 00:00:00" "01.01.2000 00:00:00" "01.01.2000 00:00:00" file' % (pfile) sys.exit() # get arguments cTime = sys.argv[1] # create mTime = sys.argv[2] # modify aTime = sys.argv[3] # access fName = sys.argv[4] # specify time format format = "%d.%m.%Y %H:%M:%S" offset = 0 # in seconds # create struct_time object cTime_t = time.localtime(time.mktime(time.strptime(cTime,format))+offset) mTime_t = time.localtime(time.mktime(time.strptime(mTime,format))+offset) aTime_t = time.localtime(time.mktime(time.strptime(aTime,format))+offset) # visually check if conversion was ok print print "FileName: %s" % fName print "Create : %s --> %s OK" % (cTime,time.strftime(format,cTime_t)) print "Modify : %s --> %s OK" % (mTime,time.strftime(format,mTime_t)) print "Access : %s --> %s OK" % (aTime,time.strftime(format,aTime_t)) print # change timestamp of file fh = CreateFile(fName, GENERIC_READ | GENERIC_WRITE, 0, None, OPEN_EXISTING, 0, 0) createTime, accessTime, modifyTime = GetFileTime(fh) print "Change Create from",createTime,"to %s" % (time.strftime(format,cTime_t)) print "Change Modify from",modifyTime,"to %s" % (time.strftime(format,mTime_t)) print "Change Access from",accessTime,"to %s" % (time.strftime(format,aTime_t)) print createTime = Time(time.mktime(cTime_t)) accessTime = Time(time.mktime(aTime_t)) modifyTime = Time(time.mktime(mTime_t)) SetFileTime(fh, createTime, accessTime, modifyTime) CloseHandle(fh) # check if all was ok ctime = time.strftime(format,time.localtime(os.path.getctime(fName))) mtime = time.strftime(format,time.localtime(os.path.getmtime(fName))) atime = time.strftime(format,time.localtime(os.path.getatime(fName))) print "CHECK MODIFICATION:" print "FileName: %s" % fName print "Create : %s" % (ctime) print "Modify : %s" % (mtime) print "Access : %s" % (atime)
推荐答案
您可能需要在两个地方更正冬/夏一小时的差异.在这两种情况下,我们都使用 tm_isdst 字段,time.localtime 可以方便地计算出 夏令时 (DST)对特定时间戳有效.
There are two places where you might want to correct for winter/summer difference of one hour. In both cases, we make use of the tm_isdst field, which time.localtime conveniently calculates to tell us whether Daylight Savings Time (DST) was in effect for a particular timestamp.
如果您在夏季设置冬季时间戳,反之亦然,除非您在调用 SetFileTime 之前进行补偿,否则它将在其匹配季节到来时关闭一个小时:
If you are setting a winter timestamp during summer, or vice versa, it will become off by an hour when its matching season comes around unless you compensate before calling SetFileTime:
now = time.localtime() createTime = Time(time.mktime(cTime_t) + 3600 * (now.tm_isdst - cTime_t.tm_isdst)) accessTime = Time(time.mktime(aTime_t) + 3600 * (now.tm_isdst - aTime_t.tm_isdst)) modifyTime = Time(time.mktime(mTime_t) + 3600 * (now.tm_isdst - mTime_t.tm_isdst)) SetFileTime(fh, createTime, accessTime, modifyTime)
输出校正
为了使 Python 报告与 Windows 资源管理器匹配,我们在调用 strftime 之前应用更正:
# check if all was ok now = time.localtime() ctime = os.path.getctime(fName) mtime = os.path.getmtime(fName) atime = os.path.getatime(fName) ctime += 3600 * (now.tm_isdst - time.localtime(ctime).tm_isdst) mtime += 3600 * (now.tm_isdst - time.localtime(mtime).tm_isdst) atime += 3600 * (now.tm_isdst - time.localtime(atime).tm_isdst) ctime = time.strftime(format,time.localtime(ctime)) mtime = time.strftime(format,time.localtime(mtime)) atime = time.strftime(format,time.localtime(atime))
两个更正
请注意,如果您同时应用两者,您的 Python 输出将再次与您的输入不匹配.这可能是可取的(见下文),但如果它困扰您:
Both Corrections
Beware, if you apply both, your Python output will again seem to mismatch your input. This may be desirable (see below), but if it bothers you:
- 如果您更喜欢与一年中的原始时间相同的时间戳,请仅选择 输入更正.
- 仅选择输出校正,如果您习惯于在 DST 生效后一年两次看到它们跳一小时然后消失.
- Choose only Input Correction if you prefer timestamps that look right at their native time of year.
- Choose only Output Correction if you're used to seeing them jump an hour twice a year as DST takes effect and then goes away.
Python 和 Windows 选择了不同的方法在 UTC 和本地时区之间转换时间戳:
Python and Windows have chosen different methods to convert timestamps between UTC and the local time zone:
Python 使用在时间戳有效的 DST 代码.这样,时间戳全年都有一致的表示.
Python uses the DST code that was in effect at the timestamp. This way, the time stamp has a consistent representation year-round.
Windows 使用现在生效的 DST 代码.这样,显示的所有时间戳都具有相同的隐式代码.
Windows uses the DST code in effect right now. This way, all time stamps shown have the same implicit code.
如果您使用 '%Z' 在转换后的字符串中包含时区(例如 PST 与 PDT),这一点很明显,但由于大多数应用程序(包括 Windows 资源管理器)不这样做,明显的一小时不一致可能清单.
This is evident if you use '%Z' to include the time zone in the converted string (PST vs. PDT, for example) but since most apps (including Windows Explorer) do not, an apparent one-hour inconsistency can manifest.
当使用明确的时间码打印时,很明显每列中的标记确实都代表同一时间:
When printed with explicit time codes, it becomes clear that the stamps in each column really do all represent the same instant in time:
File #1 (January) File #2 (June) 2000-01-30 20:00:00 UTC 2000-06-22 20:00:00 UTC observed in January in California: 2000-01-30 12:00:00 PST 2000-06-30 13:00:00 PDT [Python] 2000-01-30 12:00:00 PST 2000-06-30 12:00:00 PST [Windows] observed in June in California: 2000-01-30 12:00:00 PST 2000-06-30 13:00:00 PDT [Python] 2000-01-30 13:00:00 PDT 2000-06-30 13:00:00 PDT [Windows] observed in June in New York: 2000-01-30 15:00:00 EST 2000-06-30 16:00:00 EDT [Python] 2000-01-30 16:00:00 EDT 2000-06-30 16:00:00 EDT [Windows]
如果我们可以要求 strftime 遵守 tm_isdst 字段,以匹配 Windows 资源管理器和大多数其他显示文件时间戳的应用程序,那就太好了,但至少有一个简单的解决方法可以自己进行计算.
It would be nice if we could ask strftime to honor the tm_isdst field, to match Windows Explorer and most other apps that display file timestamps, but at least there's a simple workaround to do the calculation ourselves.
def adjustForDST (seconds): now = time.localtime() correction = 60*60 * (now.tm_isdst - time.localtime(seconds).tm_isdst) return seconds + correction time.strftime(format, time.localtime(adjustforDST(mtime)))
来源:
http://bytes.com/topic/python/answers/655606-python-2-5-1-broken-os-stat-modulehttp://search.cpan.org/~shay/Win32-UTCFileTime-1.58/lib/Win32/UTCFileTime.pm
如果 cpan 链接再次因新修订而中断,请按以下方式查找:
If the cpan link breaks again with a new revision, find it this way:
https://www.google.com/search?q=UTCFileTime.pm