问题描述
我有以下代码:
import numpy as np class ClassProperty(property): def __get__(self, cls, owner): return self.fget.__get__(None, owner)() def coord(cls, c): if cls.dimension <= 2: return c else: return c + [0]*(cls.dimension-2) class Basis_NonI(object): @ClassProperty @classmethod def zerocoord(cls): return coord(cls, [0,0]) def __init__(self, dimension): pass class Basis_D(Basis_NonI): dimension = 2 proj_matrix = np.array([Basis_D.zerocoord, Basis_D.zerocoord]) def __init__(self, dimension): super(Basis_D, self).__init__(Basis_D.dimension)
基本上我希望 dimension 和 proj_matrix 成为 Basis_D 的类属性.
where basically I want dimension and proj_matrixto be class attributes of Basis_D.
当我运行它时,出现以下错误:
When I run it, the following error is given:
proj_matrix = np.array([Basis_D.zerocoord, Basis_D.zerocoord])
proj_matrix = np.array([Basis_D.zerocoord, Basis_D.zerocoord])
NameError:名称Basis_D"未定义
NameError: name 'Basis_D' is not defined
--
我不明白的是,我可以在init中使用Basis_D.dimension,那么为什么在我使用它来定义时它不能识别名称Basis_Dproj_matrix?
What I don't understand is that I can use Basis_D.dimension in the init, so why does it not recongise the name Basis_D when I use it to define proj_matrix?
推荐答案
class 是一个可执行语句.首次导入模块时(对于给定进程),执行 class 语句顶层的所有代码,以这种方式定义的所有名称都收集到一个字典中,然后 >class 对象是用这个dict创建的,最后绑定到类名上.IOW,此时:
class is an executable statement. When the module is first imported (for a given process), all the code at the top-level of the class statement is executed, all names defined that way are collected into a dict, then the class object is created with this dict, and finally bound to the class name. IOW, at this point:
class Basis_D(Basis_NonI): dimension = 2 # HERE proj_matrix = np.array([Basis_D.zerocoord, Basis_D.zerocoord])
该类尚未创建,也未绑定到名称Basis_D.
the class has not yet been created nor bound to the name Basis_D.
现在调用 __init__ 时,该类已经创建并绑定到模块级名称 Basis_D,因此可以解析名称.
Now by the time __init__ is called, the class has already been created and bound to the module-level name Basis_D, so the name can be resolved.
FWIW,你不应该在你的方法中直接引用 Basis_D,而是 type(self) (甚至是 self - 如果一个名字没有解析为实例属性,而是在类中查找).
FWIW, you shouldn't directly reference Basis_D in your methods, but type(self) (or even self - if a name is not resolved as an instance attribute, it's looked up on the class).
另外,你为什么坚持使用类属性?您是否了解您的 project_matrix 数组将在 Basis_D 的所有实例之间共享?
Also, why do you insist on using class attributes ? Do you understand that your project_matrix array will be shared amongst all instances of Basis_D ?