有知道的,介绍一下WordNet在线词典

二 WordNet导言 · 对于WordNet来说，10年后来清点清点得失似乎是合适的。

每个参与其事的研究人员都真诚地感受到它的缺点，并且他们从未觉得这是一个“完工”了的项目。

事实上，WordNet仍在继续发展中。

· ＂WordNet: An Electronic Lexical Database＂一书分三部分，16章。

第一部分从第1章到第4章，前3章分别介绍WordNet中的名词，形容词，动词，第4章介绍WordNet的设计细节及相关软件的情况（这主要是由普林斯顿大学认知科学实验室的研究人员写的）；第二部分和第三部分主要是由普林斯顿认知科学实验室之外的参加WordNet研究工作的研究人员撰写的。

第5章和第6章描述了WordNet的改进；第7章从形式化的概念分析的角度描述了WordNet；第8到第16章讨论了WordNet的各种不同应用。

（一）计算机与词库（computers and lexicon） · 一个人即使不接受把人脑比作计算机的隐喻，也一定同意，计算机提供了一个良好的模式演练场，通过它，人们可以测试各种关于人类认知能力的理论模型。

· 越来越多的人认识到，一个大的词库对自然语言理解，人工智能的各方面研究都具有重要的价值。

· 对大规模机器可读词典的需求同时也带来许多基础问题。

首先是如何构造这样一个词库，是手工编制还是机器自动生成？第二，词典中应包含什么样的信息？第三，词典应如何设计，即信息如何组织，以及用户如何访问？实际上，这些问题涉及到词典的编纂方法，词典的内容，词典的使用方式这一系列非常基础的问题。

（二）构造词库数据库（constructing the lexical database） · 构建词典的两种基本方式：自动获取 / 手工编制。

手工构建词典的优点之一是便于创建更为丰富的词条信息；其次是便于控制。

（三）WordNet的内容 · WordNet的描述对象包含compound（复合词）、phrasal verb（短语 动词）、collocation（搭配词）、idiomatic phrase（成语）、word（单词），其中word是最基本的单位。

· WordNet并不把词语分解成更小的有意义的单位（这是义素分析法/componential analyses的方法）；WordNet也不包含比词更大的组织单位（如脚本、框架之类的单位）；由于WordNet把4个开放词类区分为不同文件加以处理，因而WordNet中也不包含词语的句法信息内容；WordNet包含紧凑短语，如bad person，这样的语言成分不能被作为单个词来加以解释。

· 人们经常区分词语知识和世界知识。

前者体现在词典中，后者体现在百科全书中。

事实上二者的界限是模糊的。

比如hit（“打”）某人是一种带有敌意的行为，这是百科知识；而hit跟strike（“击”）多多少少同义，并且hit可以带一个直接宾语论元，这是词语知识。

但hit的直接宾语应该是固体（而不是像gas这样的气体），这是词语知识还是百科知识就界限模糊了。

不过毫无疑问，要理解语言，这两部分知识是缺一不可的。

Kay(1989)指出我们的大脑词库应该包含这两部分知识。

但是百科知识太多难以驾驭，WordNet不试图包括百科知识。

不过，在WordNet中，对于一些不常见的专业概念，比如不常见的植物和动物，词语知识和百科知识是融合在一起的。

（四）WordNet的设计（the design of WordNet） · 一般的词典都是按照单词拼写的正字法原则进行组织的。

但如果为了获得词语意义信息的目的，通过词语语义属性来组织词典就更值得去做了。

在线词典跟传统的纸张词典不同，允许使用者从不同的途径去访问词典信息。

· 第一个以意义作为组织原则的词典是罗杰斯同义词词林（Roget's Thesaurus）。

传统的词典是通过提供给用户关于词语的信息来帮助用户理解那些他们不熟悉的词的概念意义。

WordNet既非传统词典，也非同义词词林。

它混合了这两种类型的词典。

（五）作为同义词词林的WordNet (WordNet as a thesaurus) · WordNet跟同义词词林相似的地方是：它也是以同义词集合（synset）作为基本建构单位进行组织的。

用户脑子里如果有一个已知的概念，就可以在同义词集合中中找到一个适合的词去表达这个概念。

· 但WordNet不仅仅是用同义词集合的方式罗列概念。

同义词集合之间是以一定数量的关系类型相关联的。

这些关系包括上下位关系、整体部分关系、 继承关系等。

（六）作为一般词典的WordNet (WordNet as a dictionary) · WordNet跟传统的词典相似的地方是它给出了同义词集合的定义以及例句。

在同义词集合中包含对这些同义词的定义。

对一个同义词集合中的不同的词，分别给出适合的例句来加以区分。

（七）WordNet中的关系 （relations in WordNet） · 不同句法词类中的语义关系类型也不同，比如尽管名词都动词都是分层级组织词语之间的语义关系，但在名词中，上下位关系是hyponymy关系，而动词中是troponymy关系；动词中的entailment（继承）关系有些类似名词中的meronymy（整体部分）关系。

名词的meronymy关系下面还分出三种类型的子关系（见“WordNet中的名词”部分）。

（八）网球问题（the tennis problem） · WordNet是基于同义性和反义（对义）性来描述词语和概念之间的各种语义关系类型的。

由于WordNet的注意力不是在文本和话语篇章水平上来描述词...

fever是什么意思？

fevern.发热， 发烧热病狂热； 高度兴奋have a high fever 发高烧fever and ague 疟疾习惯用语be in a fever 在发烧buck fever 无经验的猎人见到猎物时的紧张激动 遇到新情况或承担新任务时的紧张激动channel fever 【航海】怀乡病， 乡思情gaol fever （从前监狱中流行的）恶性伤寒hail fever （从前监狱中流行的）恶性伤寒gold fever 淘金热run a fever 发烧send sb. into a fever of excitement 使某人感到极度兴奋收起更多词典展开更多词典 现代英汉词典fevern.发烧；热度热病yellow fever 黄热病狂热；兴奋in a fever of excitement 大为兴奋词性变化vi.发烧狂热；兴奋 简明英汉词典fevern.发烧， 发热， 热病， 狂热， 高度兴奋v.（使）发烧， （使）患热病， （使）狂热 柯林斯英语大词典查词历史暂无fever[??fi??v??] nan abnormally high body temperature, accompanied by a fast pulse rate, dry skin, etcany of various diseases, such as yellow fever or scarlet fever, characterized by a high temperatureintense nervous excitement or agitationshe was in a fever about her party vbto affect with or as if with fever柯林斯词典说明收起更多词典展开更多词典 WordNetfeverfevers Noun1. a rise in the temperature of the body; frequently a symptom of infection(synonym) febrility, febricity, pyrexia, feverishness(hypernym) symptom(hyponym) hyperpyrexia2. intense nervous anticipation; ＂in a fever of resentment＂(hypernym) anticipation, expectancy(hyponym) buck feverWe agree to comply with the copyright notice and statements mentioned in WordNet license.

求一个比较好的翻译软件

谷歌金山词霸合作版 最好的（有很多词典可以添加：简明英汉、汉英词典，用法词典，英汉综合大辞典，柯林斯英语大词典，wordnet英英词典等等）还有提供的一些服务很多基本上你需要的：如谷歌在线翻译金山词霸还可以上网用爱词霸在线词典查词，有学科分类，可以根据专业需要进行查词。

举例：直接查mirror会出现多部词典的释义，习惯用法，例句有发音，内容很丰富；再点专业解释里的“物理”，只有一项“[反射]镜”，很实用，免得你把专业名词翻译错，贻笑大方。

很零乱，希望对你有帮助，完成一篇高质量的毕业论文，顺利毕业！

likely的用法

enemy['enimi]n.敌人， 仇敌[人][集合词]敌兵[军]敌国； 敌舰[机]危害物， 大敌简明英汉词典enemy['enimi]n.敌人， 仇敌， [集合名词]敌军， [喻]大敌adj.敌人的， 敌方的柯林斯英语大词典查词历史暂无enemy[????n??m??] na person hostile or opposed to a policy, cause, person, or group, esp one who actively tries to do damage; opponentan armed adversary; opposing military force.(as modifier)a hostile nation or people.(as modifier)something that harms or opposes; adversarycourage is the enemy of failure 柯林斯词典说明收起更多词典展开更多词典WordNetenemyenemies Noun1. an opposing military force; ＂the enemy attacked at dawn＂(hypernym) military unit, military force, military group, force(member-meronym) foe, foeman, opposition2. an armed adversary (especially a member of an opposing military force); ＂a soldier must be prepared to kill his enemies＂(synonym) foe, foeman, opposition(hypernym) adversary, antagonist, opponent, opposer, resister(hyponym) besieger(classification) military, armed forces, armed services, military machine, war machine3. any hostile group of people; ＂he viewed lawyers as the real enemy＂(hypernym) people4. a personal enemy; ＂they had been political foes for years＂(synonym) foe(hypernym) rival, challenger, competitor, competition, contender(hyponym) mortal enemyWe agree to comply with the copyright notice and statements mentioned in WordNet license.同义词： foe opponent opposition 反义词： friend

likely的用法

＂a likely topic for investigation＂， 说不定It is likely that.(-lier, more likely， 似真的有希望的适合的. 很可能.， 如：l don't think the story is probable. 我觉得那故事不大可能。

收起更多词典展开更多词典 现代英汉词典likely['likely['laikli]adj; -liest;she is likely to forget＂. 现在有可能登上月球。

probable 语气比 possible 强， 指“有根据； ＂he foresaw a probable loss＂(synonym) probable. has a good chance of being the case or of coming about。

It is very likely that he will not consent. 很可能他不会同意。

I have found a likely house at last. 最后我找到了一间合适的房子；； ＂]adj.-lier, -liest可能的The train is likely to be late. 她是最有希望得奖的女孩。

词性变化adv.可能 简明英汉词典likely['， 如：The likely out come of the contest varies from moment to moment. 比赛结果可能每分钟都在变化， 很可能 柯林斯英语大词典查词历史transfer换乘transporttranspotpraxis实习谦卑的Easter day复活节Philadelphialikely[?la?kl?] adjtending or inclined; plausibleappropriate for a purpose or activityhaving good possibilities of successa likely candidate attractive, agreeable， 吸引人的a likely story 可能是真实的故事a likely young man 一个有希望的青年She is not likely to come next month;; ＂expected income＂(synonym) expected, potential(similar) prospective4. within the realm of credibility; ＂not a very likely excuse＂; ＂a plausible story＂(synonym) plausible(similar) credible, believableAdverb1. with considerable certainty; without much doubt; ＂He is probably out of the country＂; ＂in all likelihood we are headed for war＂(synonym) probably, in all likelihood, in all probability, belikeWe agree to comply with the copyright notice and statements mentioned in WordNet license.反义词： unlikely 百科likely词性及解释 a. 有可能的， 合适的， 前途有望的ad. 或许， 可能更多解释 相关词条 equally likely event as likely as not be likely to equally likely possibility be likely to happen it seems likely that most likely time estimate it is likely that most likely errors be much more likely to suffer injury 该解释由词友提供，仅供参考。

免责声明 与 likely 相关的例句Least likely or suitable 最不可能的；最不适合的Reasonably likely to occur 相当可能发生的Invent a likely excuse. 编造似真的借口Likely to cause choking. 可能使人透不过气来的likely to perform unpredictably. 很可能不按预期的做。

Not likely or liable. 不可能的或不易于…的It is likely that... 很可能。

。

。

Likely but uncertain; plausible. 大概的可能但不能肯定的；似乎真实的Most probably; very likely. 极为可能地；很可能地That doesn't seem likely. 但那看来不可能。

， 多半； ＂likely candidates for the job&quot。

likely 系常用词， 如：It is possible to go to the moon now, most likely）很可能（发生）的可相信的..Not likely， 带有‘大概’；the broken limb is likely to fall＂; ＂a likely place for a restaurant&quot. 她下月很可能不来！ 才不呢！ （强调否认或拒绝）参考词汇likely possible probable 意思都含“可能的”；kl? ＂these services are likely to be available to us all before long＂laikli]adj.很可能的， or enjoyableher likely ways won her many friends advprobably or presumably习惯用语as likely as not very probably柯林斯词典说明收起更多词典展开更多词典 WordNetlikelylikelier likeliest Adjective1; aptlikely to rain probablea likely result believable or feasible， 恰当的漂亮的. 这趟火车很可能晚点。

有希望的a likely plan 有成功可能的计划She is the most likely girl to win the prize..; ＂rain is likely＂;(antonym) unlikely(similar) apt(p), liable(p)(see-also) possible(attribute) likelihood, likeliness, odds2;la?！ [口]不可能； ＂potential clients&quot， 有希望的adv.或许、‘很可能’”的意思. likely but not certain to be or become true or real; &quot， 指“从表面迹象来看很有可能”、值得相信的事物。

possible 指“由于有适当的条件和方法， 某事可能发生或做到”， 强调“客观上有可能”， 但常含有“实际希望很小”的意思、合情理；； &quot, plausible(similar) presumed(a)3. expected to become or be; in prospect， 合适的， 可靠的；a likely result＂。

习惯用语as likely as not (=most [very] likely) 可能 展开

share什么意思

share [FZE] n. （分享到的或贡献出的）一份 I gave him a minor share of my wealth. 我把小部分财产给了他。

（参与、得到等的）份 I've had more than my fair share of troubles in my time. 我在任期内遇到了不少麻烦。

股， 股份， 股票 I deem it advisable to purchase the shares in the railway now. 我认为现在购买铁路股票是明智的。

vt. & vi. 共有， 共用， 均摊， 参与 Children should learn to share. 小孩应该学会与人分享东西。

vt. 分配， 均分 They shared the cake between them. 他们分吃了那块蛋糕。

美国传统词典第四版[英英] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- share share1 AHD:[shar] n. A part or portion belonging to, distributed to, contributed by, or owed by a person or group. An equitable portion: do one's share of the work. Any of the equal parts into which the capital stock of a corporation or company is divided. v. shared shar·ing shares v. tr. To divide and parcel out in shares; apportion. To participate in, use, enjoy, or experience jointly or in turns. To relate (a secret or experience, for example) to another or others. To accord a share in (something) to another or others: shared her chocolate bar with a friend. v. intr. To have a share or part: shared in the profits. To allow someone to use or enjoy something that one possesses: Being in daycare taught the child to share. To use or enjoy something jointly or in turns: There is only one computer, so we will have to share. 习惯用语 go shares To be concerned or partake equally or jointly, as in a business venture. 语源 Middle English from Old English scearu[division] * see sker- 1 继承用法 share￥a·ble adj. shar￥er n. 基本词义 share share2 AHD:[shar] n. A plowshare. 语源 Middle English from Old English sc?ar * see sker- 1 Wordnet词典 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- share shares shared sharing Noun any of the equal portions into which the capital stock of a corporation is divided and ownership of which is evidenced by a stock certificate; ＂he bought 100 shares of IBM at the market price＂ (hypernym) stock certificate, stock (part-holonym) stock assets belonging to or due to or contributed by an individual person or group; ＂he wanted his share in cash＂ (synonym) portion, part, percentage (hypernym) assets (hyponym) tranche (part-holonym) net income, net, net profit, lucre, profit, profits, earnings (derivation) partake, partake in the result of parcelling out or sharing; ＂death gets more than its share of attention from theologicans＂ (synonym) parcel, portion (hypernym) allotment, apportionment, apportioning, allocation, parceling, parcelling, assignation (derivation) divvy up, portion out, apportion, deal any one of a number of individual efforts in a common endeavor; ＂I am proud of my contribution to the team's success＂; ＂they all did their share of the work＂ (synonym) contribution, part (hypernym) attempt, effort, endeavor, endeavour, try (hyponym) end a sharp steel wedge that cuts loose the top layer of soil (synonym) plowshare, ploughshare (hypernym) wedge (part-holonym) moldboard plow, mouldboard plough Verb have in common; ＂Our children share a love of music＂; ＂The two countries share a long border＂ (hypernym) overlap (hyponym) partake (derivation) sharing use jointly or in common (hypernym) use, utilize, utilise, apply, employ (hyponym) double up (derivation) sharing have, give, or receive a share of; ＂We shared the cake＂ (synonym) partake, partake in (hypernym) get, acquire (hyponym) cut in (derivation) parcel, portion give out as one's portion or share (synonym) divvy up, portion out, apportion, deal (hypernym) distribute, give out, hand out (entail) separate, divide, part (derivation) parcel, portion communicate; ＂I'd like to share this idea with you＂ (hypernym) communicate, intercommunicate (derivation) communion, sharing 用法词典 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- share 来自古英语 scearu 剪开 英汉计算机词汇 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- share 共享，公[共]用；= Society of Help to Avoid Redundant Efforts,(IBM公司)协助避免重复工作（的计算机用户）协会 现代英汉综合大辞典 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- share [???] n. 一份， 部分， 份额， 分担量， 股份， 比重 [pl. ]股票 贡献； 参与 犁头[铧] He has some share of his father's genius. 他继承了几分他父亲的天才。

The company was formed with 2000 shares. 该公司由两千股组成。

I had no share in the matte...

color 是什么意思啊

.的颜色， 粉饰， 脸红， 歪曲 vi. 获得颜色、物）带特殊的 效果或感受 You must be aware that personal feelings may colour judgement, coloured；色彩 颜色 The color of leaves is green in summer. 夏天树叶的颜色是绿的， vi. ＂l?] n。

颜料；染料 The artist painted in water-colors. 这个画家用水彩作画；l?] n vb the US spelling of colour 柯林斯词典说明 收起更多词典展开更多词典 WordNetcolor colors colored coloring Noun 1..涂颜色， 改变.、学校、球队等的） 制服； 特色；特质；the recording fails to capture the true color of the original music＂ (synonym) colour, achromatism (hypernym) visual property (hyponym) heather mixture；美>（=colour）颜色， 色彩， 脸色， 风格， 外貌 vt. 给.，标志 词性变化 vt.。

肤色；脸色 As she became more annoyed Lucy's colour changed;s story has some colour of truth. 这男孩的一番叙述听来似乎是真的。

in its true colors 以本来面目 off color 脸色不好， heather (attribute) colored, colorful (derivation) colour, emblazon 2, colouring (antonym) colorlessness 就是COLOUR 颜色 英汉解释英英解释 现代英汉综合大辞典查词历史烤肉barbecuecolor [', coloring，脸色都变了；风采；气质 （pl） （国旗、舰旗； ＂the Puritan Period was lacking in color&quot. interest and variety and intensity。

变色 The leaves start to colour in autumn. 树叶在秋天开始变色。

影响， colouration (hypernym) timbre. the timbre of a musical sound; &quot. 色， colourful 3;a white color is made up of many different wavelengths of light＂ (synonym) colour；罗茜越来越生气， quality, tone 4. a race with skin pigmentation different from the white race (especially Blacks) (synonym) colour, people of color. a visual attribute of things that results from the light they emit or transmit or reflect; ＂k?l? ＂he hoped his claims would have a semblance of authenticity＂; ＂he tried to give his falsehood the gloss of moral sanction＂; ＂the situation soon took on a different color＂ (synonym) semblance, gloss, colour (hypernym) appearance, visual aspect (hyponym) color of law, colour of law 6. any material used for its color; ＂she used a different color for the trim＂ (synonym) coloring material, colouring material, colour (hypernym) material, stuff (hyponym) paint 7. (physics) the characteristic of quarks that determines their role in the strong interaction; each flavor of quarks comes in three colors (synonym) colour (hypernym) kind, sort, form, variety (classification) particle physics, high-energy physics, high energy physics 8. the appearance of objects (or light sources) described in terms of a person's perception of their hue and lightness (or brightness) and saturation (synonym) colour (hypernym) appearance, visual aspect Verb 1. add color to; ＂The child colored the drawings＂; ＂Fall colored the trees＂; ＂colorize black and white film＂ (synonym) colorize, colorise, colourise, colourize, colour, color in, colour in (antonym) discolor (hypernym) change, alter, modify (hyponym) blackwash (derivation) coloration, colouration 2. affect as in thought or feeling; ＂My personal feelings color my judgment in this case＂; ＂The sadness tinged his life＂ (synonym) tinge, colour, distort (hypernym) affect, impact, bear upon, bear on, touch on, touch 3. modify or bias; ＂His political ideas color his lectures＂ (synonym) colour (hypernym) influence, act upon, work 4. decorate with colors; ＂color the walls with paint in warm tones＂ (synonym) colour, emblazon (hypernym) decorate, adorn, grace, ornament, embellish, beautify (hyponym) miniate (derivation) colorist 5. gloss or excuse; ＂color a lie＂ (synonym) colour, gloss (hypernym) apologize, apologise, excuse, justify, rationalize, rationalise 6. change color, often in an undesired manner; ＂The shirts discolored＂ (synonym) discolor, discolour, colour (hypernym) change (hyponym) blush, crimson, flush, redden (derivation) colour, coloring, colouring Adjective 1. having or capable of producing colors; ＂color film＂; ＂he rented a color television＂; ＂marvelous color illustrations＂ (synonym) colour (antonym) black-and-white, black and white(p) (classification) photography, picture taking We agree to comply with the copyright notice and statements mentioned in WordNet license. 反义词： decolour 百科color 更多解释 该解释由词友GAVIN04121112提供，仅供参考。

免责声明 网络词典 （beta）color 隐藏摘要 颜色 - valuesOf 获取布尔型物件的值（返回值为布尔型） color 颜色 - getRGB 获取颜色值的RGB分量（返回值0xRRGGBB十六进制） ...

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