有规律的，主要是原因字母的组合以及辅音与原因字母组合的规律。在没有音标的情况下可以用来猜测单词的发音。

一．与元音字母A相关的单词：

1．[ei] a在开音节中：发字母音，后面有不发音的e

face脸；grade年级；cake蛋糕；lake湖; make制造；take拿到；

snake蛇；name名字; plane飞机；date日期; plate盘子;

2．[æ] a在闭音节中：

dad爸爸； sad悲伤的；bag书包；lamp灯；can能；fan电风扇；man男人；and和；hand手；thank感谢；map地图； cat猫；

fat肥胖的；that那个；hat帽子；rabbit兔子 family家庭

3．[a:] ar组合：

car小汽车；far远的；star星星；card卡片；scarf围巾；marker水彩笔market市场 department store百货商店 apartment building公寓；

hard努力地，硬的；park公园；arm胳臂；farm农场；

4．[ei] ai组合；

tail尾巴；rainy下雨的；train火车；

wait等；waiter男服务员；waitress女服务员

5．[eə] air组合：

air空气；hair头发；chair椅子 stairs楼梯

6．[ei] ay组合：

day天，日；today今天；play玩；may可以；May五月；say说；

way道路，方法； stay逗留

7. [i] ay组合：

Sunday 星期日 Monday星期一 Tuesday星期二 Wednesday星期三

Thursday星期四 Friday星期五 Saturday星期六

8．[ɔ:] al组合：

talk说话；walk走；chalk粉笔；

9. [ɔ:l] all组合：

all所有的 ball球；small小的；tall高的；wall墙; mall大厅；

call称呼，打电话；fall秋天，跌落

10．[ a:s ]as或ass组合

ask问；class班级；glass玻璃杯；pass传递；grass草；last最后的；

11. [ɔ] a在w后面

wash 洗 what什么 watch看，手表 want 想要

12. [ɔ:] aw组合

paws爪子 draw画

二．与元音字母E相关的单词：

1．[i:] e在开音节中：发字母音

be是；he他；she她；me我；we我们；these这些；Chinese汉语；

2．[e] e在闭音节中：

bed 床；red红色的；leg腿；spell拼写；hen母鸡；then那么；

when什么时候；pen钢笔；ten十； dress女裙；let让；

3．[iə] ere组合；

here这儿

4. [iə] ere组合

there 那儿；where哪儿

4．[i:] ea组合；

sea 海洋；tea茶；peach桃子；teacher教师；read读；please请；

eat吃；meat肉；seat座位; dream做梦

5．[e] ea组合；

head头；bread面包；feather羽毛；weather天气；

6．[iə] ear组合：

ear耳朵；dear亲爱的；hear听见; near在……附近

7．[eə] ear组合：

bear熊；pear梨

8．[ə:] ear组合：

early早；year年；learn学，学会

9．[i:] ee组合：

bee 蜜蜂；three三； tree树； see看见；need需要; feel感觉；

green绿色；sleep睡觉；feet脚（复数）；meet遇见；feed喂养

三．与元音字母I相关的单词：

1．[ai] i在开音节中：发字母音

hi 喂；I我；ice冰；nice好的；rice米饭；ride骑；bike自行车；

like喜欢；time时间；fine（身体）好；nine九；write写；kite风筝；

2．[i] i在闭音节中：

which 哪一个；chick小鸡；sick病的；big大的；pig猪；milk牛奶；

him他；swim游泳；in在---里面；begin开始；ship轮船；is是

3．[:] ir组合：

bird鸟； shirt（男）衬衫； skirt短裙 sir先生

girl 女孩 circle圆圈 thirty三十 thirteen十三 thirsty渴的

4、[ai] igh组合

Light轻的，灯，浅色的；right对的，合适的，flight航班，tight紧的

四．与元音字母O相关的单词：

1．[əu ] o在开音节中：发字母音

go去；no不；so这样，这么；phone电话机；those那些；close关闭；nose鼻子；rose玫瑰花 home家 rope绳子 hole洞

2．[ɔ] o在闭音节中；

clock钟； dog狗； on在---上面； long长的；song歌曲；

shop商店； stop停止； hot热的；not不；donkey驴 hop双脚跳

3. [Λ] o

mother妈妈 brother哥，弟 come来 some一些 monkey猴子

4．[ɔ:] or组合：

or 或者；for为了；short短的，矮的；forty四十；horse马；store商店

5．[əu ] oa组合；

road 路；boat小船；coat上衣；goat山羊；soap香皂

6．[u: ] oo组合；

too也；zoo动物园；cool凉的；school学校；room房间；moon月亮；afternoon下午； spoon汤勺；kangaroo袋鼠

7．[ u ] oo组合：

good好的；foot脚；classroom教师；look看；book书；cookies饼干

好脚丫在教室看书。

8、[au] ou组合：

cloudy多云的； house房子；mouse老鼠；about大约；

mouth嘴； blouse女式衬衫 mountain大山

10、[au ] ow组合：

cow母牛； how怎样，多少； now现在；brown棕色的；

down向下 flower花

11. [əu ] ow组合：

slow慢的；know知道；

五．与元音字母U相关的单词：

1．[ ju: ] u在开音节中：发字母音

excuse 原谅；use使用；

2．[Λ] u在闭音节中：

run跑； sun太阳；cup小茶杯；but但是 bus公交车；cut剪，切；mum妈妈；under在……下面；understand理解hug拥抱 duck鸭子

3．[:] ur组合：

nurse护士；turn轮流; hurt伤，疼；fur皮毛

六．Y与I的发音相似在开音节中读[ai]

sky天空； fly飞；July七月； my我的；try试，努力；

why为什么；eye眼睛；bye再见

七、辅音字母组合

1. [tr] tr 组合

tree树 truck卡车 try试图street 街道straight直的

ostrich鸵鸟 traffic lights交通灯

2.[dr] dr组合

drink喝 dress连衣裙 drive开 driver司机 draw画

dresser梳妆台 dream做梦; hundred百

3. [ f ] ph和gh组合：

elephant大象 telephone电话, laugh 大笑，photo照片

4. [tʃ] ch组合：

Church教堂 chair椅子 China中国 Chinese汉语 chain链子

5. [ k ] ch组合

school 学校Christmas圣诞节 headache头疼

6. [ k ] ck组合：

chicken鸡 duck鸭子 black黑色的 blackboard黑板

backward向后 sick难受的

7. [w] wh组合：

what什么 where哪里 when什么时候 why为什么

which哪一个white白色的 wheel车轮

An Interview with Liu Fang的全文翻译

一、中文翻译：

刘芳专访

第一部分

刘芳是一位国际知名的音乐家,以弹奏中国传统乐器见长。她出生于1974年,从6岁起就开始弹奏琵琶。11岁起她就开始举办演奏会,包括英国女王访华期间为女王做的一场演出。刘芳毕业于上海音乐学院,1993年她还在那里学习弹奏古筝。

请您谈谈您在音乐方面的背景及训练情况,好吗?

我母亲是滇剧演员。滇剧是一种中国戏剧,里面有声乐、舞蹈及表演。我小的时候,母亲就带我去看节目。在会说话前,我就接触了音乐! 我5岁那年,妈妈教我弹月琴。1990年,我15岁的时候去了上海音乐学院,在那里,我学习了琵琶和古筝。毕业后,我回到故乡昆明,并在昆明歌舞团做了琵琶独奏演员。1996年,我和丈夫移居加拿大,直到现在。

弹奏琵琶和古筝最大的挑战是什么?

如果你的技术不够纯熟,就不可能弹好中国古典琵琶曲。另外,琵琶弹奏曲目很多———一些作品甚至作于唐代。琵琶流派很多,每个流派都有自己独特的诠释古典作品的方式。最大的挑战是尊重传统并融入自己的风格。对于我的第二种乐器———古筝,情况也是如此。

第二部分

请您谈谈哪些人或事对您在音乐方面产生了影响,好吗?

最主要的影响是民族音乐。我在年幼时就听传统戏剧和民歌。现在每当我演奏一个曲子时,我都会在心中跟着吟唱。当我演奏哀伤的乐曲时,我内心也在哭泣。听众都说能在我的乐曲中听到歌声。 您在演奏中想展示中国古典音乐的什么特征?

首先,中国民族音乐跟汉语很相似。在汉语中,读音相同音调不同,意义就不同。音乐也是如此。其次,中国古典音乐与中国诗歌关系很密切,因此很多古典音乐作品都有着很诗意的标题就一点也不奇怪了。再次,中国古典音乐与国画像孪生姐妹。在中国国画中,留有些空白,这些空白非常重要。它们给整幅作品带来生机,也使得观众融入图画,就像与图画进行对话。

中国古典音乐也是一样。乐曲中有停顿,人们认为这种停顿静谧之中充满了音乐。琵琶的声音和乐曲中的停顿结合在一起,给声音赋予了诗的意境。听众可以自己感受音乐的力量、音乐的美,就像享受一首美妙的诗歌或一幅美丽的图画一样。

第三部分

现场演出最让您感到愉悦的是什么?

我喜欢弹奏,也喜欢当众演奏。我喜欢音乐厅中的氛围,每当我举行音乐会的时候,我会很兴奋。在很长一段时间没做音乐会后,我会感到有点情绪低落和孤独。我同样喜欢音乐会后和朋友及音乐爱好者分享感受、交流看法,听他们谈对我的音乐的感觉和理解。我热爱我的事业。我也喜欢旅游;我喜欢坐在飞机上幻想,或者呆在旅馆里。

作为一个艺术家,您的目标是什么?

我没有特定的目标。但我希望能和很多作曲家共事,同时我希望创作我自己的音乐。我的音乐底蕴是中国民乐。自从移居加拿大,我就有机会接触到了其他音乐传统并跟一些音乐大师同台演出。我希望我能继续跟他们合作,并吸取其他音乐传统之长,创作自己的音乐。我也希望能使中国传统的琵琶和古筝音乐传遍世界的各个角落。

二、原文：

An Interview with Liu Fang

Part 1

Liu Fang is an international music star, famous for her work with traditional Chinese instruments. She was born in 1974 and has played the pipa since the age of six. She‘s given concerts since she was eleven, including a performance for the Queen of England during her visit to China. She graduated from the Shanghai Conservatory of Music, where she also studied the guzheng in 1993.

What is your musical training and background?

My mother is a Dianju actress. Dianju is a kind of Chinese opera, which includes singing, dancing and acting. When I was a child, she took me to performances. I listened to music before I could speak! When I was five years old, she taught me to play the yueqin.

In 1990, when I was 15 years old, I went to the Shanghai Conservatory of Music, where I studied the pipa and the guzheng. After I graduated, I went back to my hometown of Kunming and worked as a pipa soloist of the Kunming Music and Dance Troupe. In 1996, I moved to Canada with my husband and I have been living there since then.

What are the biggest challenges of playing the pipa and the guzheng?

If your technique is not good enough, it is impossible to play classical Chinese pipa music. Also, the repertoire for the pipa is large – some pieces were written during the Tang Dynasty.

There are many different pipa schools, and each one has its special way of interpreting the classical pieces. The biggest challenge is to respect the traditions but to add my own style. The same is true of my second instrument, the guzheng.

Part 2

Who or what are your musical influences?

The main influence is traditional singing. I listened to traditional opera singing and folk songs in my childhood. Now when I am playing a tune, I am singing in my heart. When I‘m playing a sad tune, I am crying in my heart. Listeners often say that they can hear singing in my music.

What characteristics of Chinese classical music do you try to show in your playing?

Firstly, Chinese music is similar to the Chinese language. In Chinese, the same pronunciation with different tones has different meanings. The same is true for music. Secondly, classical Chinese music is closely connected to Chinese poetry, so it isn‘t surprising that most classical pieces have very poetic titles. Thirdly, classical Chinese music and traditional Chinese painting are like twin sisters. In Chinese art there are some empty spaces, which are very important. They give life to the whole painting and they allow people to come into the picture, like a dialogue.

It‘s the same with classical Chinese music. There are empty spaces, and people say the silence is full of music. The pipa sounds and the pauses combine to make a poetry of sound. Listeners can experience the power and the beauty of the music, like enjoying a beautiful poem or painting.

Part3

What do you like best about performing live?

I enjoy playing and I enjoy performing in public. I like the atmosphere in a concert hall and I always feel happy when I have a concert. I feel a little depressed or lonely when there is no concert for a long time. I also enjoy the time immediately after the concert to share the feelings and ideas with friends and music lovers, listening to their impressions and understanding about the music. I love my career. I also enjoy

traveling: I enjoy sitting in a plane dreaming, or staying a hotel.

What are your goals as an artist?

I don‘t have a particular goal. But I hope to work with many composers, and I also wish to compose my own music. My background is traditional Chinese music. Since I moved to Canada, I have had

opportunities to make contact with other musical traditions and play with master musicians. I wish to continue working with master musicians from other traditions and to be able to compose my own music, using elements from different cultures. I also wish to introduce classical Chinese pipa and guzheng music to every corner of the world.

Street music

It‘s a warm Saturday afternoon in a busy side road in the old district of Barcelona. The pedestrians are

standing in a semi-circle around someone or something in front of the cathedral. I push my way through the crowd and find a quartet of musicians playing a violin suite of classical music. The session lasts ten

minutes. Then one of the musicians picks up a saucer on the ground, and asks for money. All contributions are voluntary, no one has to pay, but the crowd shrinks as some people slide away. But others happily throw in a few coins. They‘re grateful for this brief interval of music as they go shopping.

Below the window of my apartment in Paris, a music man takes a place made vacant by an earlier musician. He raises the lid of his barrel organ and turns the handle. Then he sings the songs of old Paris, songs of the people and their love affairs. I remember some of the words even though I have never consciously learnt them. I tap my feet and sing along with him. Down there on the pavement, few passersby stop. Some smile, others walk past with their heads down. Cars pass, gangs of boys form and disappear, someone even puts a coin the cup on the organ. But the music man ignores them all. He‘s hot in the sun, so he mps his head with a spotted handkerchief. He just keeps singing and turning the handle.

In Harlem, New York, some locals place a sound system by an open window. They plug it into the electrical socket, and all of a sudden, there‘s dancing in the streets. In downtown Tokyo, young couples eat popcorn and dance to the music of a rockabilly band, which plays American music from the Fifties. In the London Underground a student plays classical guitar music, which echoes along the tunnels. It lifts the spirits of the passengers, who hurry past on their way to work. In a street in Vienna or Prague or Milan a group of pipa musicians from the far Andes fill the air with sounds of South America.

The street musician is keeping alive a culture which has almost disappeared in our busy, organized, and regulated lives: the sound of music when you least expect it. In a recording studio, even when relayed by microphone, music loses some of its liveliness. Bt street music gives life to everyone who listens and offers relief from the cares of the day. It only exists in the present, it only has meaning in the context. It needs space.

Music from China

One dozen beautiful young women, all in their twenties, take the stage and stand before a variety of ancient musical instruments. The moment they start to play, it is clear the members of Twelve Girls Band are among the most gifted musicians in the world. Coming from China, Twelve Girls Band is already one of that country‘s most popular groups.

As they build a musical bridge between east and west, Twelve Girls Band charms the people of many nations around the world. A best-selling act all over Asia, Twelve Girls Band fills concert halls and arenas there, and has now been discovered by America. In 2004 the group arrived on the US music scene at NO. 62 of the billboard 200 album chart. It was the highest entry by an Asian group. In Japan, Twelve Girls Band is already a supergroup. It has sold more than two million records, and has even appeared in TV ads for chocolate and cellphones, among other products. A Japanese DVD of Twelve Girls Band live in concert sold over 200,000 copies, and their live performances have been seen on television around the world. In 2004 they were named International Artist of the Year at the Japan Golden Disc Award ceremonies.

Drawing upon more than 1,500 years of Chinese music, Twelve Girls Band mixes this rich tradition with classical, folk and contemporary sounds. The group signifies the symbolic choice of a dozen members found in various aspects of Chinese numerology with 12 months in a year, and in ancient mythology, 12 jinchai (golden hairpins, which represent womanhood). Inspiration also comes from yuefang, the female chamber orchestras that played in the royal courts of the Tang Dynasty.

Each member of Twelve Girls Band has classical training, with backgrounds that include the China Academy of Music, the Chinese National Orchestra, and the Central Conservatory of Music. Skilled multi-instrumentalists, they perform on traditional Chinese instruments that include the guzheng, the yangqin, the erhu, the pipa and the dizi and xiao.

The group‘s appeal is equally as broad, with children, teens, adults and grandparents filling arenas to see it perform. American critics noticed the mixture of pieces by Mozart and Beethoven, with jazz standards like Dave Burbeck‘s Take Five, or a version of a mush-loved classic such as Simon and Garfunkel‘s El Condor Pasa.

The group honours its musical heritage and shows a genuine love for all style of music – from complex classical works to long-lasting pop tunes.

speak和say 的区别和用法

和tell talk都有说，讲的意思

tell - to tell someone

I will tell you about the date later.

speak- to say something

If you want to say something then speak.

Talk- a chat between poeple

Stop talking you two

Say- like speak

Just say the word!

1、speak———“说”、“讲”、“演讲”。做及物动词时，宾语常是表示语言的词。例如：

Do you speak Chinese?你说汉语吗？

Mr.Wu is going to speak at our class meeting.吴老师将在班会上发言。

2、talk———“讲”、“说话”、“谈话”，与speak的意义相近。一般用做不及物动词，指一般的谈话或交谈，而不如speak正规的“演讲”、“发言”，须跟宾语时，与to、with、about等介词连用。例如：Jim is going to talk about English names tomorrow.吉姆明天打算谈谈英国人的名字。

Look!Our teacher is talking

to(with)theparents.瞧！我们的老师正在和家长们谈话。

3、say———一般着重讲话的内容，指有连贯性的说话，通常用做及物动词。例如：

Idon’t know what he said.我不明白他所说的。

Kate saw a card on her

table,itsaid：“Happybirthday!”

凯特看见桌上一张卡片，上面写着：“生日快乐！”

4、tell指把一件事情传达给别人或讲述一件事情、一个故事等。常用做及物动词。

例如：WhenIwasyoung,mymotheroftentoldmeastoryin

theevening.在我小时，妈妈晚上常给我讲故事。

Hewilltellthegoodnewstoeverybodyinourclass.他将把这个好消息告诉我们班的每个人。

《书虫》手抄报 中英对照

书虫，是牛津大学出版社奉献给世界英语学习者的一大精品。书虫在英语中大约是颇可爱的形象，试想想如痴如醉沉迷于书卷，孜孜不倦咀嚼着字母的那么一只“书虫”……

The bookworm, a boutique Publishing House of University of Oxford offers to the world of English learners. Bookworm in English about is quite lovable image, try to think as ifdeluded confuses in the scroll, diligently is chewing letter as a "bookworm"...

如今这只“书虫”漂洋过海，轻盈盈落在中国英语学习者掌中，“书虫”将首先给你以自信，即使你目前只有几百词汇，却可以不大费劲地阅览世界名著了。书虫还会用它细细的鸣叫声不停提醒着你：要坚持不懈地读下去，要广泛而丰富地读下去，待到你读完丛书系列的最后一本，也许会突然发现：你如蛹变蝶飞一样，振翅欲翔了。

Now this "the bookworm" across the ocean, light profit fall in Chinese English learners in the palm of your hand, "bookworm" will first give you confidence, even if your current only a few hundred words, but can not difficulty reading the world famous the. Bookworm also use it carefully the chirping of non-stop remind you: should make unremitting efforts to read, to read widely and richly, until you have read the last a series of books, may suddenly found that: such as the pupa becomes butterflies fly your wings, Cheung.

书虫系列已于2014年出版47本新增品种，其免费增值服务也已于2013年上线。

The bookworm series has been published in 2014 47 of the new varieties, the free value-added services have also been launched on 2013.

“书虫”是外语教学与研究出版社和牛津大学出版社共同奉献给广大英语学习者的一大精品。如今这只“书虫”漂洋过海，奇迹般的降落到了中国英语学习者的掌中。“书虫”首先将给你自信，即使你只有几百的词汇量，也可以不太费劲地阅览世界名作了。书虫还会用它细细的鸣叫声不停地提醒你：要坚持不懈地读下去，要广泛而丰富地读下去。待到读完丛书系列中的最后一本，你也许会突然发现：你已经如蛹化蝶，振翅欲翔了！

"The bookworm" is the foreign language teaching and Research Press and Oxford University Press common dedication for the majority of English learners a great quality. Now this "bookworm" across the sea, miraculously landed Chinese English study palm. "The bookworm" first will give you confidence, even only a few hundred of your vocabulary can also be less difficulty in reading the world's masterpieces. The bookworm also can use it thin chirping constantly remind you: to persevere to read, to read widely and richly. When reading the series in the last one, you may suddenly discover: if you have the pupa, wings to fly!

“书虫”系列丛书主要用于英语阅读的启蒙和提高。

"Bookworm" series is mainly used in English reading and improve the enlightenment.

中英双语对照阅读，提高阅读量，扩增单词量。建议初学者能熟练的掌握3-5本，通读100本左右。对英语的提高很有好处。

Bilingual reading, increase the amount of reading, the amount of amplified words. It is recommended for beginners to master the 3-5, read the 100 book about. It's good for English.

Confucius(孔子) is the greatest teacher in Chinese history. He was born on September 28, 551BC(公

英语教学常用口语

课堂教学用语

1．上课（Beginning a class）（1）Let’s start now．／Let’s begin our class／lesson．（2）Stand up，please．（3）Sit down，Pease．

2．问候（Greeting）（4）Hello，boys and girls／children．（5）Good morning，class／everyone／everybody／children／boys and girls．（6）Good afternoon，class／everyone／everybody／children／boys and girls．（7）How are you today？

3．考勤（Checking attendance）（8）Who’s on duty today？／Who’s helping this morning／today？（9）Is everyone／everybody here／present？（10）Is anyone away？／Is anybody away？（11）Is anyone absent？／Is anybody absent？（12）Who’s absent？／Who’s away？（13）Where is he／she？（14）Try to be on time．／Don’t be late next time．（15）Go back to your seat，please．（16）What day is it today？（17）What’s the date today？（18）What’s the weather like today？（19）What’s it like outside？

4．宣布（Announcing）（20）Let’s start working．／Let’s begin／start a new lesson．／Let’s begin／start our lesson．（21）First，let’s review／do some review．（22）What did we learn In the last lesson？（23）Who can tell／remember what we did In the last lesson／ yesterday？（24）Now we’re going to do something new／different．／Now let’s learn something new．（25）We have some new words／sentences．

5．提起注意（Directing attention）（26）Ready？／Are you ready？（27）Did you get there？／Do you understand？（28）Is that clear？（29）Any volunteers？（30）Do you know what to do？（31）Be quiet，please．／Quiet，please．（32）Listen，please．（33）Listen carefully，please．（34）Listen to the tape recorder／the recording．（35）Look carefully，please．（36）Look over here．（37）Watch carefully．（38）Are your watching？（39）Please look at the black-board／picture／map…（40）Pay attention to your spelling／pronunciation．

6．课堂活动（Classroom activities）（41）Start！／Start now．（42）Everybody together．／All together．（43）Practise in a group．／Practise In groups／In groups，please．（44）Get into groups of three／four…（45）Every body find a partner／friend．（46）In pairs，please．（47）One at a time．／Let’s do It one by one．（48）Now you，please．／Your turn（Students name）．（49）Next，please．Now you do the same，please．（50）Let’s act．／Let’s act out／do the dialogue．（51）Who wants to be A？（52）Practise the dialogue，please．（53）Now Tom will be A，and the other half will be B．（54）Please take（play）the part of…（55）Whose turn is It？（56）It’s your turn.（57）Wait your turn，please．（58）Stand inline．／Line up．（59）One by one．／One at a time，please．（60）In twos．／In pairs．（61）Don’t speak out．（62）Turn around．

7．请求（Request）（63）Could you please try It again？（64）Could you please try the next one？（65）Will you please help me？

8．鼓励（Encouraging）（66）Can you try？（67）Try，please．（68）Try your best．／Do your best．（69）Think it over and try again．（70）Don’t be afraid／shy．

9．指令（Issuing a command）（7）Say／Read after me，please．（72）Follow me，please．（73）Do what do．（7）Repeat，please．／Repeat after me．（75）Once more，please．／One more time，please．（7）Come here，please．（77）Please come to the front．／Come up and write on the blackboard／chalkboard．（78）Come and write It on the blackboard．（79）Please go back to your seat．（80）In English，please．（81）Put your hand up，please．Raise your hand，please．（82）Put your hands down，please．／Hands down，please．（83）Say it／Write it in Chinese／English．（84）Please take out your books．（85）Please open your books at page…／Find page…／Turn to Page…（86）Please answer the question／questions．／Please answer my qllllst1On（s）．（87）Please read this letter／word／sentence out loud．／Please readout this letter／word／sentence．（88）Please stop now．／Stop now，please．／Stop here，please．（89）Clean up your desk／the classroom，please．（90）It’s clean－up time．／Tidy up your desk／the classroom．（91）Put your things away．／Clean off your desk．／Pick up the scraps·（92）Clean the blackboard．（93）Plug in the tape－recorder，please．（94）Put the tape－recorder away．（95）Put the tap，In it’s box／cassette．（96）Listen and repeat．（97）Look and listen．（98）Repeat after me．（99）Follow the words．（100）Fast．／Quickly！／Be quick，please．（101）Hurry！／Hurry up，please．（102）Slow down，please．（10）Slowly．（104）Bring me some chalk，please．

10．禁止和警告（Prohibition and warning）（105）Stop talking．／Stop talking now，please．（106）Don’t talk．／Everybody quiet，please．（107）Don’t be silly．（108）Settle down．11．评价（109）Good，thank you．（110）Good／Very good．／Good job．／Good work．／Good example．（111）A good answer．／Nice work．（112）Excellent．／Great！／Well done．／Very good．／I like the way you do.（13）That’s Interesting！（114）Don’t worry about It．／No problem．（115）OK！／That’s OK．（116）I don’t think so．（117）That’s not quite right，any other answers？／That’s close／That’s almost right．（118）Not quite，can anyone help him／her？／try again．（119）A good try．

12．布置作业（Setting homework）（120）For today’s homework…（121）Practise after class．／Practise at home．（122）Say it out loud，before you write It down．（123）Copy／Print／Write each word twice．（124）Remember（Memorize）these words／sentences．（125）Learn these words／these sentences／this text by heart．（126）Do your homework．／Do the next lesson．／Do the new work．

13．下课（Dismissing the class）（127）Hand in your workbooks，please．（128）Time is up．（129）The bell is ringing．（130）There’s the bell．（131）There goes the bell．（132）Let’s stop here．（133）That’s all for today．（134）Class is over． （135）Good bye．／Bye．／See you next time．

个人整理，引用请注明出处

高中英语阅读理解练习题及答案

A ★

When Christopher Columbus landed on the then unnamed Costa Rica in 1502, he saw many Indians wearing gold earrings. So he thought the land must be rich in gold. He named the place Costa Rica, which means “rich coast” in Spanish.

Though little gold was found, Costa Rica today is indeed rich with coffee and bananas. Coffee is the most important product in Costa Rica and most of it is exported (出口) to other countries like America and West Germany. Bananas are the country’s second most important export.

Costa Ricans also grow many other crops such as fruits, corn and beans for their own use. Costa Ricans love colors and their houses are painted in bright colors.

Education is very important to the Costa Ricans. Almost every village has a school and education is a must for children between seven and fourteen years of age. Boys and girls go to separate (单独的) schools. Classes begin in March and end in November. The other three months of the year are harvest time and the children have to help their parents to pick coffee beans.

56. What’s the main idea of the first paragraph?

A. How Columbus found Costa Rica.

B. How Costa Rica got its name.

C. What the Costa Ricans wore.

D. What language the Costa Ricans spoke.

57. The Costa Ricans may NOT paint their houses ______.

A. pink and red B. grey and black

C. blue and green D. yellow and orange

58. In Costa Rica, boys and girls between seven and fourteen ______.

A. must go to school

B. study in the same school

C. do not have to go to school at all

D. can choose to stop schooling at any time

59. From December to February, school children in Costa Rica ______.

A. have lessons every day

B. have their examinations

C. help their parents pick coffee beans

D. help their parents decorate their houses

60. This passage is mainly about ______.

A. Christopher Columbus B. Costa Rica

C. some products from Costa Rica

D. the education of Costa Rica

B ★

Christian Eijkman, a Dutch doctor, left the Netherlands for the island of Java. Many people on the island had a disease called beri?鄄beri. He was going there to try and find a cure.

At first, Eijkman thought some kind of germ (细菌) caused beri?鄄beri. He raised some chickens. He didn’t eat them, but made experiments on them. The local people were quite surprised at that. One day he noticed that his chickens became sick when they were fed the food most Javanese ate — refined white rice (精炼米). When he fed them with unrefined rice, also known as brown rice, they recovered. Eijkman realized that he had made an important discovery — that some things in food could prevent disease. These things were named vitamins (维生素). The Javanese were not getting enough vitamins because they had actually removed the part that contains vitamins. Later, other diseases were also found to be caused by the lack of vitamins in a person’s food.

Today many people know the importance of vitamins and they make sure they have enough vitamins from the food they eat. If they don’t, they can also take vitamin pills.

61. The underlined word “cure” in Paragragh 1 probably means ______.

A. a medical treatment B. a kind of vitamin

C. a kind of germ D. a kind of rice

62. Christian Eijkman went to the island of Java to ______.

A. spend his holiday

B. find ways to grow better crops

C. do some research about the island

D. help the Javanese with their illness

63. Why did Christian Eijkman raise some chickens?

A. To eat them.

B. To carry out his experiments.

C. To give the Javanese a surprise.

D. To make money by selling them.

64. If a person doesn’t get enough vitamins in his diet, he’d better ______.

A. eat more rice B. eat more meat

C. eat some chicken D. eat vitamin pills

65. We can learn from the passage that ______.

A. beri?鄄beri was caused by chickens

B. the Javanese didn’t like vitamins

C. Christian Eijkman’s experiment was successful

D. the Javanese’s disease was caused by a kind of germ

C ★★

America is a mobile society. Friendships between Americans can be close and real, yet disappear soon if situations change. Neither side feels hurt by this. Both may exchange Christmas greetings for a year or two, perhaps a few letters for a while — then no more. If the same two people meet again by chance, even years later, they pick up the friendship. This can be quite difficult for us Chinese to understand, because friendships between us flower more slowly but then may become lifelong feelings, extending (延伸) sometimes deeply into both families.

Americans are ready to receive us foreigners at their homes, share their holidays, and their home life. They will enjoy welcoming us and be pleased if we accept their hospitality (好客) easily.

Another difficult point for us Chinese to understand Americans is that although they include us warmly in their personal everyday lives, they don’t show their politeness to us if it requires a great deal of time. This is usually the opposite of the practice in our country where we may be generous with our time. Sometimes, we, as hosts, will appear at airports even in the middle of the night to meet a friend. We may take days off to act as guides to our foreign friends. The Americans, however, express their welcome usually at homes, but truly can not manage the time to do a great deal with a visitor outside their daily routine. They will probably expect us to get ourselves from the airport to our own hotel by bus. And they expect that we will phone them from there. Once we arrive at their homes, the welcome will be full, warm and real. We will find ourselves treated hospitably.

For the Americans, it is often considered more friendly to invite a friend to their homes than to go to restaurants, except for purely business matters. So accept their hospitality at home!

66. The writer of this passage must be ______.

A. an American B. a Chinese

C. a professor D. a student

67. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?

A. Friendships between Americans usually extend deeply into their families.

B. Friendships between Americans usually last for all their lives.

C. Americans always show their warmth even if they are very busy.

D. Americans will continue their friendships again even after a long break.

68. From the last two paragraphs we can learn that when we arrive in America to visit an American friend, we will probably be ______.

A. warmly welcomed at the airport

B. offered a ride to his home

C. treated hospitably at his home

D. treated to dinner in a restaurant

69. The underlined words “generous with our time” in Paragraph 3 probably mean ______.

A. strict with time B. serious with time

C. careful with time D. willing to spend time

70. A suitable title for this passage would probably be “______”.

A. Friendships between Chinese

B. Friendships between Americans

C. Americans’ hospitality

D. Americans’ and Chinese’s views of friendships

D ★★★

The other day I heard a few local musicians talking:

“I hate all the terrible pianos in this town. I hate that rubbish they play on the radio. They can’t even understand a bit of music.”

“I’m never playing in that club again. Too many drunks and nobody listens to us.”

But, one younger musician said, “There are a few clubs that book my band a few nights a month, and I’m trying to find other places to play. I’m also looking to book a few summer festivals this year.”

I’ve heard that you are the average of the five people whom you spend the most time with, or to put it another way, you are who your friends are.

Attitudes are important. Whether they’re positive or negative, they’re rubbing off on you. If you’re around people who complain about lack of work and about other musicians, or blame (责怪) others, and you play the role of victim (受害者), chances are you will start to as well. So it’s time to take a look at the people you call “friends”.

This is an easy exercise: Make a list of the people who you hang out with, and simply stop spending time with the negative people on your list. Set a new standard (标准) for yourself and don’t become friends with people who fall below that standard.

Keep successful people around you and your own chances for success will be much better. Ask them how they do it. Ask if they will help you get the work you’re looking for, or maybe give you some advice to help you on your career path.

71. Which of the following would be the best title for this passage?

A. A friend in need is a friend indeed

B. How to make friendship last for ever

C. You are who your friends are

D. Friends are the most important in one’s success

72. The underlined sentence “they’re rubbing off on you” in Paragraph 6 means ______.

A. they’ll push you ahead

B. they’ll influence you

C. they’ll cover your shortcomings

D. they’ll help you achieve your goal

73. The musicians’ words at the beginning are written mainly to show ______.

A. the musicians’ living conditions are quite poor

B. people have poor taste in music

C. people have different attitudes towards the same thing

D. young people have greater chances of succeeding

74. By taking the exercise mentioned in Paragraph 7, you can ______.

A. improve a lot in making more friends

B. come to the right way of making friends

C. develop a better relationship with your friends

D. arrange the time with your friends properly

75. The passage is mainly written for ______.

A. musicians

B. managers

C. negative people

D. people wanting to succeed

答案56-60 BBACB

61-65 ADBDC 66-70 BDCDD 71-75 CBCBD

第三部分： 阅读理解 （共20小题； 每小题2分，满分40分）

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。

A ★

Norm Pethrick, a 36-year-old man in Australia’s northern city Darwin, was praised on Thursday for jumping onto a crocodile’s back to save his wife Wendy at Litchfield National Park, a popular tourist spot southwest of Darwin, a local newspaper reported.

Ms Pethrick was standing on a river bank Wednesday afternoon when the saltwater crocodile lunged (扑), locking its jaws on both her legs as it tried to drag her underwater.

Norm Pethrick, who with his wife had been collecting water, immediately went to help her. He jumped onto the back, poked (戳) the eyes of the crocodile and finally got his wife free.

Ms Pethrick was later taken to Royal Darwin Hospital for a medical treatment. The doctors said she was suffering eight puncture wounds (伤口) in her right leg, a puncture wound in her left leg and a serious cut to one of her fingers.

“This could have been a fatal and tragic situation,” said the general manager of Royal Darwin Hospital (RDH), Dr Len Notaras, according to a local report.

He said Ms Pethrick was saved by her husband’s “quick and diligent actions”.

Dr Notaras also said she would remain in hospital for three to four days and have an operation to clean the wounds, which are easy to get infected because of bacteria (细菌) on the teeth of the crocodile.

56. This passage is most likely to be found in _____.

A. a travel guide B. a newspaper

C. a textbook D. a novel

57. The crocodile attacked Ms Pethrick when she was ______.

A. swimming in the river

B. standing on the river bank

C. watching the crocodile

D. fishing in the water

58. Which of the following statements is TRUE about Ms Pethrick?

A. Her eyes were badly poked.

B. She had eight wounds altogether.

C. One of her fingers also got hurt.

D. One of the crocodile’s teeth was found in her leg.

59. According to the passage, Norm Pethrick can be described as following EXCEPT ______.

A. brave B. diligent

C. quick D. humorous

60. Which of the following would be the best title for this passage?

A. The husband should save the wife

B. A man saves wife’s life from crocodile’s jaws

C. A crocodile is not so dangerous as people imagine

D. Human beings can beat crocodiles sometimes

B ★★

There are many ways to find a job. It can be as easy as walking into a neighborhood store to look at its announcement board. Local stores often have areas where people can put small signs telling what kind of service they need or can provide. Such services include caring for children or cleaning houses.

Or, job searchers can look in the newspaper. Local newspapers have employment announcements placed by companies seeking workers.

Another popular tool for finding jobs is the Internet. For example, people in four hundred and fifty cities around the world can use the Craigslist Web site to buy objects, meet people or find a job. Craigslist says that it receives two million new job listings each month.

Another useful way to find a job is through a college or university. For example, students at the University of Texas in Austin can go to the Career Exploration Center to get help in finding a job. Of course, looking for a job requires knowing what kind of work you want to do. For example, there is a book called “What Color is Your Parachute (降落伞)?” by Richard Bolles. This book has been helping people choose a career (职业) since it was first published in nineteen seventy.

Some experts also help people find jobs. Susan W. Miller owns a company called California Career Services in Los Angeles. She says her company helps people find jobs by first helping them understand their strengths, goals and interests. Then she provides them with methods and resources to help them find the right job.

61. What is the passage mainly about?

A. Finding a job.

B. College students’ part-time jobs.

C. Craigslist Web site.

D. The relation between study and work.

62. By logging on the Craigslist Web site, you can ______.

A. sell your old things

B. do some shopping online

C. create your own announcement board

D. get useful information about 450 cities

63. “What Color is Your Parachute?” is a book which gives tips to those who want to _____.

A. work on the airplane B. buy a parachute

C. publish a book D. find a suitable job

64. It can be learned from the passage that ______.

A. companies often put job information in local shops

B. the Internet is the most popular tool for job hunters in the USA

C. Susan W. Miller’s company is helping people choose careers

D. California Career Services mainly serves university students

65. How many ways of finding a job are mentioned in the passage?

A. Three. B. Four. C. Five. D. Six.

C ★★

Teaching materials for learning Chinese are provided here. There are sites where you may find interesting instructions suitable for you. Here are some sites to begin your surfing.

You may start with these pages from this website — just to get a little taste of it without working too hard.

● A Is For Love

Flash cards for learning a few Chinese words

● Listening to the sound of Chinese

Play a few words of Chinese on your computer.

● A few Chinese words

Each word is enlarged for easy study.

If you are studying Chinese, these tools can help.

● Zhongwen site

More than a dictionary!

● Clavis Sinica

Excellent program by Professor David Porter. It displays a whole document in Chinese [GB] or [BIG5], and gives individual word’s definition, pronunciation as well as much more information when you click on that word. If you are studying Chinese, this is a very useful tool.

● Chinese Character Visual Dictionary

If you like to know more, go to the following sites on the Internet.

● The Chinese Outpost

Pronunciation, Character and Grammer By Mark Andrew Baker. The best. A must-visit site.

● Learn Cantonese / Mandarin Online

● Internet Based Chinese Teaching and Learning

● Rainland Kids discover Chinese — Site is in Germany

If you want to have a better understanding of China, go to this one.

● Wanfang Data

As an affiliate (分支) of Chinese Ministry of Science && Technology, Wanfang Data has been the leading information provider in China since 1950s. With a wide range of database resources and value-added services, Wanfang Data has become a gateway to understanding Chinese culture, medicine, business, science, etc.

66. The underlined lines are probably some ______.

A. books B. websites

C. tips for learning Chinese

D. dictionaries for learning Chinese

67. This passage is most probably from ______.

A. a TV programme B. a teacher’s lecture

C. a newspaper D. the Internet

68. If you want to know each Chinese character’s definition, pronunciation and much more information, you’d better surf ______.

A. Zhongwen site B. A Is For Love

C. Clavis Sinica D. A few Chinese words

69. If you want to know China about its culture, medicine, business, science, you’d better surf ______.

A. Learn Mandarin online

B. Wanfang Data

C. Rainland kids discover Chinese

D. The Chinese Outpost

70. The underlined word “gateway” in the last paragraph probably refers to ______.

A. an opening in a wall that can be closed by a gate

B. a place through which you can go to another place

C. the space when a door is open

D. a means of getting or achieving something

D ★★★

English is the most widely used language in the history of our planet. One in every seven human beings can speak it. More than half of the world’s books and three quarters of international mail are in English. Of all languages, English has the largest vocabulary — perhaps as many as two million words.

However, let’s face it: English is a crazy language. There is no egg in an eggplant, neither pine nor apple in a pineapple and no ham in a hamburger. Sweet-meats are candy, while sweetbreads, which aren’t sweet, are meat.

We take English for granted. But when we explore its paradoxes (探讨它的矛盾), we find that quicksand can work slowly, boxing rings are square, public bathrooms have no baths in them.

And why is it that a writer writes, but fingers don’t fing, grocers don’t groce, and hammers don’t ham? If the plural of tooth is teeth, shouldn’t the plural of booth be beeth? One goose, two geese — so one moose, two meese?

How can a slim chance and a fat chance be the same, while a wise man and a wise guy are opposites? How can overlook and oversee be opposites, while quite a lot and quite a few are alike? How can the weather be hot as hell one day and cold as hell the next?

English was invented by people, not computers, and it reflects (反映) the creativity of human beings. That’s why, when stars are out, they are visible (能看见的); but when the lights are out, they are invisible. And why, when I wind up my watch, I start it; but when I wind up this essay, I end it.

71. According to the passage ______.

A. sweet-meats and sweetbreads are different things

B. there should be egg in an eggplant

C. pineapples are the apples on the pine tree

D. boxing rings should be round

72. Which of the following is the correct plural?

A. Beeth. B. Geese. C. Meese. D. Tooth.

73. Which of the following includes two items which have the similar meaning?

A. A wise man and a wise guy.

B. Overlook and oversee.

C. Quite a lot and quite a few.

D. Hot as hell and cold as hell.

74. The underlined words “wind up” in the last paragraph probably mean “______”.

A. blow B. roll up C. get hurt D. finish

75. Through the many paradoxes in the English language, the writer wants to show that human beings are ______.

A. clever B. crazy C. lazy D. dull

56-60 BBCDB 61-65 ABDCC 66-70 BDCBD 71-75 ABCDA

我刚才也没注意多少字呀，结构粘贴了很多，系统提示我内容太多，我就删掉了一些。阅读还有很多，你要是用的话就和我联系。

瞬间动词和延续性动词

一、延续性动词

延续性动词表示的动作不但可以延续，而且可以产生持久的影响。常见的这类动词有：be，have，keep，know，learn，lie，live，read，sing，sleep，stand，stay，wait，walk，watch等。延续性动词的用法很广，但常见于现在完成时中的句子中，且常与for，how，long，since等引导的表示一段时间的状语或状语从句连用。例如：

1．I have learned more than 1，000 Chinese words since I came to China．

自从来到中国，我已经学会了l，000多个汉字。

2．We have lived in Linqing since we came here．自从来到这儿，我们就一直住在临清。

3．I have kept the picture for about three years．这张画我保存了大约三年。

二、终止性动词

终止性动词又称为瞬间动词或非延续性动词，它表示的动作不能延续，也就是说动作一旦发生就立即结束，并产生某种结果。常见的这类动词有：accept，arrive，become，begin，borrow，break，buy，catch，close，come，die，end，fall，finish，get，give，go，join，leave，put，reach，receive，shut，start，stop等。终止性动词用在现在完成时要注意下面三点：

（一）终止性动词可直接用来表示某一动作的完成。例如：

1．They have reached Shanghai．他们已经到达了上海。

2．Has he gone to London? 他已经到伦敦去了吗?

（二）终止性动词表示的动作极其短暂，不能持续，所以，在现在完成时中一般不能和以since，for等引导的表示一段时间的状语连用。例如：

1．那老人已经死了一周了。The old man has died for a week．(误)

2．他三天前就已经来这儿了。He has come here since three days ago．(误)

在以上两句中，die和come都是终止性动词，可用于现在完成时，但不能与以

since或for引导的表示一段时间的状语连用。那么，上面两个句子应该怎样译成英语呢?请看下面四种译法：

1．把终止性动词改为延续性的动词。例如：

①The old man has been dead for a week．

②He has been here since three days ago．

2．把原句中的一段时间改为表示“过去”的时间，时态由现在完成时改变成一般过去时。例如：

①The old man died a week ago．

②He came here three days ago．

3．用“It is+时间+since…”句式。例如：

①It is／has been a week since the old man died．

②It has been／is three days since he came here．

4．用“多长时间+has passed+since…”句式。例如：

①A week has passed since the old men died．

②Three days had passed since he came here．

(三)有关特殊终止性动词的用法。

1．在while(表示一段时间)引导的从句里，谓语动词不能使用终止性动词，但可以把while改成when，这样，从句里的谓语动词就可以使用终止性动词了。因为when既可以表示时间的“点”，又可以表示时间的“段”。例如：

While he got to America．he found his English Was very poor．(误)

When he got t0 America．he found his English was very poor．(正)

2．终止性动词的否定式与until连用时，意为“直到……才／不到什么时间不……”等。例如：

Don’t get off until the bus stops．车未停稳，切勿下车。

3．终止性动词不可以与how long引导的句式连用。例如：

How long have you borrowed the magazine?(误)

When did you borrow the magazine?(正)

How long have you kept the magazine?(正)

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