Time/System Time 时间/系统时间
Date/System Date 日期/系统日期
Level 2 Cache 二级缓存
System Memory 系统内存
Video Controller 视频控制器
Panel Type 液晶屏型号
Audio Controller 音频控制器
Modem Controller 调制解调器(Modem)
Primary Hard Drive 主硬盘
Modular Bay 模块托架
Service Tag 服务标签
Asset Tag 资产标签
BIOS Version BIOS版本
Boot Order/Boot Sequence 启动顺序(系统搜索操作系统文件的顺序)
Diskette Drive 软盘驱动器
Internal HDD 内置硬盘驱动器
Floppy device 软驱设备
Hard-Disk Drive 硬盘驱动器
USB Storage Device USB存储设备
CD/DVD/CD-RW Drive 光驱
CD-ROM device 光驱
Modular Bay HDD 模块化硬盘驱动器
Cardbus NIC Cardbus 总线网卡
Onboard NIC 板载网卡
Boot POST
进行开机自检时(POST)硬件检查的水平:设置为“MINIMAL”(默认设置)则开机自检仅在BIOS升级,内存模块更改或前一次开机自检未完成的情况下才进行检查。设置为“THOROUGH”则开机自检时执行全套硬件检查。
Config Warnings
警告设置:该选项用来设置在系统使用较低电压的电源适配器或其他不支持的配置时是否报警,设置为“DISABLED”禁用报警,设置为“ENABLED”启用报警
Internal Modem
内置调制解调器:使用该选项可启用或禁用内置Modem。禁用(disabled)后Modem在操作系统中不可见。
LAN Controller
网络控制器:使用该选项可启用或禁用PCI以太网控制器。禁用后该设备在操作系统中不可见。
PXE BIS Policy/PXE BIS Default Policy
PXE BIS策略:该选项控制系统在没有认证时如何处理(启动整体服务Boot Integrity Services(BIS))授权请求。系统可以接受或拒绝BIS请求。设置为“Reset”时,在下次启动计算机时BIS将重新初始化并设置为“Deny”。
Onboard Bluetooth 板载蓝牙设备
MiniPCI Device Mini PCI设备
MiniPCI Status Mini PCI设备状态:在安装Mini PCI设备时可以使用该选项启用或禁用板载PCI设备
Wireless Control
无线控制:使用该选项可以设置MiniPCI和蓝牙无线设备的控制方式。设置为“Application”时无线设备可以通过“Quickset”等应用程序启用或禁用,热键不可用。设置为“/Application”时无线设备可以通过“Quickset”等应用程序或热键启用或禁用。设置为“Always Off”时无线设备被禁用,并且不能在操作系统中启用。
Wireless
无线设备:使用该选项启用或禁用无线设备。该设置可以在操作系统中通过“Quickset”或“”热键更改。该设置是否可用取决于“Wireless Control”的设置。
Serial Port 串口:该选项可以通过重新分配端口地址或禁用端口来避免设备资源冲突。
Infrared Data Port 红外数据端口。使用该设置可以通过重新分配端口地址或禁用端口来避免设备资源冲突。
Parallel Mode
并口模式。控制计算机并口工作方式为“NORMAL”(AT兼容)(普通标准并行口)、“BI-DIRECTIONAL”(PS/2兼容)(双向模式,允许主机和外设双向通讯)还是“ECP”(Extended Capabilities Ports,扩展功能端口)(默认)。
Num Lock
数码锁定。设置在系统启动时数码灯(NumLock LED)是否点亮。设为“DISABLE”则数码灯保持灭,设为“ENABLE”则在系统启动时点亮数码灯。
Keyboard NumLock 键盘数码锁:该选项用来设置在系统启动时是否提示键盘相关的错误信息。
Enable Keypad
启用小键盘:设置为“BY NUMLOCK”在NumLock灯亮并且没有接外接键盘时启用数字小键盘。设置为“Only By Key”在NumLock灯亮时保持embedded键区为禁用状态。
External Hot Key
外部热键:该设置可以在外接PS/2键盘上按照与使用笔记本电脑上的键的相同的方式使用键。如果您使用ACPI操作系统,如Win2000或WinXP,则USB键盘不能使用键。仅在纯DOS模式下USB键盘才可以使用键。设置为“SCROLL LOCK”(默认选项)启用该功能,设置为“NOT INSTALLED”禁用该功能。
USB Emulation
USB仿真:使用该选项可以在不直接支持USB的操作系统中使用USB键盘、USB鼠标及USB软驱。该设置在BIOS启动过程中自动启用。启用该功能后,控制转移到操作系统时仿真继续有效。禁用该功能后在控制转移到操作系统时仿真关闭。
Pointing Device
指针设备:设置为“SERIAL MOUSE”时外接串口鼠标启用并集成触摸板被禁用。设置为“PS/2 MOUSE”时,若外接PS/2鼠标,则禁用集成触摸板。设置为“TOUCH PAD-PS/2 MOUSE”(默认设置)时,若外接PS/2鼠标,可以在鼠标与触摸板间切换。更改在计算机重新启动后生效。
Video Expansion
视频扩展:使用该选项可以启用或禁用视频扩展,将较低的分辨率调整为较高的、正常的LCD分辨率。
Battery 电池
Battery Status 电池状态
Power Management 电源管理
Suspend Mode 挂起模式
AC Power Recovery 交流电源恢复:该选项可以在交流电源适配器重新插回系统时电脑的相应反映。
Low Power Mode 低电量模式:该选项用来设置系统休眠或关闭时所用电量。
Brightness
亮度:该选项可以设置计算机启动时显示器的亮度。计算机工作在电源供电状态下时默认设置为一半。计算机工作在交流电源适配器供电状态下时默认设置为最大。
Wakeup On LAN
网络唤醒:该选项设置允许在网络信号接入时将电脑从休眠状态唤醒。该设置对待机状态(Standby state)无效。只能在操作系统中唤醒待机状态。该设置仅在接有交流电源适配器时有效。
Auto On Mod 自动开机模式:注意若交流电源适配器没有接好,该设置将无法生效。该选项可设置计算机自动开机时间,可以设置将计算机每天自动开机或仅在工作日自动开机。设置在计算机重新启动后生效。
Auto On Time 自动开机时间:该选项可设置系统自动开机的时间,时间格式为24小时制。键入数值或使用左、右箭头键设定数值。设置在计算机重新启动后生效。
Dock Configuration 坞站配置
Docking Status 坞站状态
Universal Connect 通用接口:若所用操作系统为WinNT4.0或更早版本,该设置无效。如果经常使用不止一个戴尔坞站设备,并且希望最小化接入坞站时的初始时间,设置为“ENABLED”(默认设置)。如果希望操作系统对计算机连接的每个新的坞站设备都生成新的系统设置文件,设置为“DISABLED”。
System Security 系统安全
Primary Password 主密码
Admin Password 管理密码
Hard-disk drive password(s) 硬盘驱动器密码
Password Status
密码状态:该选项用来在Setup密码启用时锁定系统密码。将该选项设置为“Locked”并启用Setup密码以放置系统密码被更改。该选项还可以用来放置在系统启动时密码被用户禁用。
System Password 系统密码
Setup Password Setup密码
Post Hotkeys 自检热键:该选项用来指定在开机自检(POST)时屏幕上显示的热键(F2或F12)。
Chassis Intrusion
机箱防盗:该选项用来启用或禁用机箱防盗检测特征。设置为“Enable-Silent”时,启动时若检测到底盘入侵,不发送警告信息。该选项启用并且机箱盖板打开时,该域将显示“DETECTED”。
Drive Configuration 驱动器设置
Diskette Drive A: 磁盘驱动器A:如果系统中装有软驱,使用该选项可启用或禁用软盘驱动器
Primary Master Drive 第一主驱动器
Primary Slave Drive 第一从驱动器
Secondary Master Drive 第二主驱动器
Secondary Slave Drive 第二从驱动器
IDE Drive UDMA 支持UDMA的IDE驱动器:使用该选项可以启用或禁用通过内部IDE硬盘接口的DMA传输。
Hard-Disk drive Sequence 硬盘驱动器顺序
System BIOS boot devices 系统BIOS启动顺序
USB device USB设备
Memory Information 内存信息
Installed System Memory 系统内存:该选项显示系统中所装内存的大小及型号
System Memory Speed 内存速率:该选项显示所装内存的速率
System Memory Channel Mode 内存信道模式:该选项显示内存槽设置。
AGP Aperture AGP区域内存容量:该选项指定了分配给视频适配器的内存值。某些视频适配器可能要求多于默认值的内存量。
CPU information CPU信息
CPU Speed CPU速率:该选项显示启动后中央处理器的运行速率
Bus Speed 总线速率:显示处理器总线速率
Processor 0 ID 处理器ID:显示处理器所属种类及模型号
Clock Speed 时钟频率
Cache Size 缓存值:显示处理器的二级缓存值
Integrated Devices(LegacySelect Options) 集成设备
Sound 声音设置:使用该选项可启用或禁用音频控制器
Network Interface Controller 网络接口控制器:启用或禁用集成网卡
Mouse Port 鼠标端口:使用该选项可启用或禁用内置PS/2兼容鼠标控制器
USB Controller USB控制器:使用该选项可启用或禁用板载USB控制器。
PCI Slots PCI槽:使用该选项可启用或禁用板载PCI卡槽。禁用时所有PCI插卡都不可用,并且不能被操作系统检测到。
Serial Port 1
串口1:使用该选项可控制内置串口的操作。设置为“AUTO”时,如果通过串口扩展卡在同一个端口地址上使用了两个设备,内置串口自动重新分配可用端口地址。串口先使用COM1,再使用COM2,如果两个地址都已经分配给某个端口,该端口将被禁用。.
Parallel Port 并口:该域中可配置内置并口
Mode
模式:设置为“AT”时内置并口仅能输出数据到相连设备。设置为PS/2、EPP或ECP模式时并口可以输入、输出数据。这三种模式所用协议和最大数据传输率不同。最大传输速率PS/2
高分 翻译成英语
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综合布线名词中英文对照
A:Actuator 执行器
A:Amplifier 放大器
A:Attendance员工考勤
A:Attenuation衰减
AA:Antenna amplifier 开线放大器
AA:Architectural Acoustics建筑声学
AC:Analogue Controller 模拟控制器
ACD:Automatic Call Distribution 自动分配话务
ACS:Access Control System出入控制系统
AD:Addressable Detector地址探测器
ADM:Add/Drop Multiplexer分插复用器
ADPCM:Adaptive Differential ulse Code Modulation 自适应差分脉冲编码调制
AF:Acoustic Feedback 声反馈
AFR:Amplitude /Frequency Response 幅频响应
AGC:Automati Gain Control自动增益控制
AHU:Air Handling Unit 空气处理机组
A-I:Auto-iris自动光圈
AIS:Alarm Indication Signal 告警指示信号
AITS:Acknowledged Information Transfer Service确认操作
ALC:Automati Level Control 自动平衡控制
ALS:Alarm Seconds 告警秒
ALU:Analogue Lines Unit 模拟用户线单元
AM:Administration Module管理模块
AN:Access Network 接入网
ANSI:American National Standards Institute美国国家标准学会
APS:Automatic Protectiontching 自动保护倒换
ASC:Automati Slope Control 自动斜率控制
ATH:Analogue Trunk Unit 模拟中继单元
ATM:Asynchrous Transfer Mode 异步传送方式
AU- PPJE:AU Pointer Positive Justification 管理单元正指针调整
AU:Administration Unit 管理单元
AU-AIS:Administrative Unit Alarm Indication SignalAU告警指示信号
AUG:Administration Unit Group 管理单元组
AU-LOP:Loss of Administrative Unit Pointer AU指针丢失
AU-NPJE:AU Pointer Negative Justification管理单元负指针调整
AUP:Administration Unit Pointer管理单元指针
AVCD:Auchio &Video Control Device 音像控制装置
AWG:American Wire Gauge美国线缆规格
BA:Bridge Amplifier桥接放大器 TOP
BAC:Building Automation & Control net建筑物自动化和控制网络
BAM:Background Administration Module后管理模块
BBER:Background Block Error Ratio背景块误码比
BCC:B-channel Connect ControlB通路连接控制
BD:Building Distributor
BEF:Buiding Entrance Facilities 建筑物入口设施
BFOC:Bayonet Fibre Optic Connector大口式光纤连接器
BGN:Background Noise背景噪声
BGS: Background Sound 背景音响
BIP-N:Bit Interleaved Parity N code 比特间插奇偶校验N位码
B-ISDN:Brand band ISDN 宽带综合业务数字网
B-ISDN:Broad band -Integrated Services Digital Network 宽带综合业务数字网
BMC:Burst Mode Controller 突发模式控制器
BMS:Building Management System 智能建筑管理系统
BRI:Basic Rate ISDN 基本速率的综合业务数字网
BS:Base Station基站
BSC:Base Station Controller基站控制器
BUL:Back up lighting备用照明
C/S: Client/Server客户机/服务器 TOP
C:Combines 混合器
C:Container 容器
CA:Call Accounting电话自动计费系统
CATV:Cable Television 有线电视
CC:Call Control 呼叫控制
CC:Coax cable 同轴电缆
CCD:Charge coupled devices 电荷耦合器件
CCF:Cluster Contril Function 簇控制功能
CD:Campus Distributor 建筑群配线架
CD:Combination detector 感温,感烟复合探测器
CDCA:Continuous Dynamic Channel Assign 连续的动态信道分配
CDDI:Copper Distributed Data 合同缆分布式数据接口
CDES:Carbon dioxide extinguisbing system 二氧化碳系统
CDMA:Code Division Multiplex Access 码分多址
CF:Core Function 核心功能
CFM:Compounded Frequency Modulation 压扩调频繁
CIS:Call Information System 呼叫信息系统
CISPR:Internation Special Conmittee On Radio Interference 国际无线电干扰专门委员会
CLNP:Connectionless Network Protocol 无连接模式网络层协议
CLP:Cell Loss Priority信元丢失优先权
CM:Communication Module 通信模块
CM:Configuration Management 配置管理
CM:Cross-connect Matrix交叉连接矩阵
CMI:Coded Mark Inversion传号反转码
CMISE:Common Management Information Service公用管理信息协议服务单元
CPE:Convergence protocol entity 会聚协议实体
CR/E:card reader /Encoder (Ticket reader )卡读写器/编码器
CRC:Cyclic Redundancy Check 循环冗佘校验
CRT:Cathode Ray Tabe 显示器,监视器,阴极射线管
CS: Convergence service 会聚服务
CS:Cableron Spectrum 旧纳档块化技术
CS:Ceiling Screen 挡烟垂壁
CS:Convergence Sublayer合聚子层
CSC:Combined Speaker Cabinet 组合音响
CSCW:Computer supported collaborative work 计算机支持的协同工作
CSES:Continuius Severely Errored Second 连续严重误码秒
CSF:Cell Site Function 单基站功能控制
CTB:Composite Triple Beat 复合三价差拍
CTD:Cable Thermal Detector 缆式线型感温探测器
CTNR:carrier to noise ratio 载波比
CW:Control Word 控制字
D:Directional 指向性 TOP
D:Distortion 失真度
D:Distributive 分布式
DA:Distribution Amplifier 分配的大器
DBA:Database Administrator数据库管理者
DBCSN:Database Control System Nucleus数据库控制系统核心
DBOS:Database Organizing System 数据库组织系统
DBSS:Database Security System 数据库安全系统
DC:Door Contacts大门传感器
DCC:Digital Communication Channel数字通信通路
DCN:Data Communication Network 数据通信网
DCP-I:Distributed Control Panel -Intelligent智能型分散控制器
DCS:Distributed Control System集散型控制系统
DDN:Digital Data Network 数字数据网
DDS:Direct Dignital Controller直接数字控制器
DDW:Data Describing Word 数据描述字
DECT:Digital Enhanced Cordless Telecommunication增强数字无绳通讯
DFB:Distributed Feedback 分布反馈
DID:Direct Inward Dialing 直接中继方式,呼入直拨到分机用户
DLC:Data Link Control Layer 数据链路层
DLI:DECT Line Interface
DODI:Direct Outward Dialing One 一次拨号音
DPH:DECT Phone
DRC:Directional Response Cahracteristics 指向性响应
DS:Direct Sound 直正声
DSP:Digital signal Processing 数字信号处理
DSS:Deiision Support System 决策支持系统
DTMF:Dual Tone Multi-Frequency 双音多频
DTS:Dual -Technology Sensor 双鉴传感器
DWDM:Dense Wave-length Division Multiplexing 密集波分复用
DXC:Digital Cross-Connect 数字交叉连接
E:Emergency lighting照明设备 TOP
E:Equalizer 均衡器
E:Expander 扩展器
EA-DFB:Electricity Absorb-Distributed Feedback 电吸收分布反馈
ECC:Embedded Control Channel 嵌入或控制通道
EDFA:Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifier掺饵光纤放大器
EDI:Electronic Data Interexchange 电子数据交换
EIC:Electrical Impedance Characteristics 电阻抗特性
EMC:Electro Magnetic Compatibiloty 电磁兼容性
EMI:Electro Magnetic Interference 电磁干扰
EMS:Electromagnetic Sensitibility 电磁敏感性
EN:Equivalent Noise 等效噪声
EP:Emergency Power 应急电源
ES:Emergency Sooket 应急插座
ES:Evacuation Sigvial疏散照明
ESA:Error SecondA 误码秒类型A
ESB:ErrorSecondB 误码秒类型B
ESD:Electrostatic Discharge静电放电
ESR:Errored Second Ratio 误码秒比率
ETDM:Electrical Time Division Multiplexing电时分复用
ETSI:European Telecommunication Standards Institute欧洲电信标准协会
F:Filter 滤波器 TOP
FAB:Fire Alarm Bell 火警警铃
FACU:Fire Alarm Contrlol Unit 火灾自动报警控制装置
FC:Failure Count 失效次数
FC:Frequency Converter 频率变换器
FCC:Fire Alarm System 火灾报警系统
FCS:Field Control System 现场总线
FCU:Favn Coil Unit风机盘管
FD:Fire Door 防火门
FD:Flame Detector 火焰探测器
FD:Floor Distributor
FD:Frequency Dirsder 分频器
FDD:Frequency Division Dual 频分 双工
FDDI:Fiberdistributed Data Interface光纤缆分布式数据接口。
FDDIF:Fiber Distributed Data Inferface光缆分布数据接口
FDMA:Frequency Division Multiple Access频分多址
FE:Fire Extirguisher 消防电梯
FEBE:Far End Block Error远端块误码
FEXT:Far End Crosstalk 远端串扰
FFES:Foam Fire Extionuishing System泡沫灭火系统
FH:Fire hydrant 消火栓
FI:Fee Indicator 费用显示器
FL:Focal Length 焦距
FL:Fuzzy Logic 模糊逻辑
FM:Faiilt Management失效管理
FPA:Fire Public Address 火灾事故广播
FPD:Fire Public Derice 消防设施
FR:Frequency Response 频响
FRD:Fire Resis tamt Damper 防火阀
FRS:fire resistant shutter 防火卷帘
FSK:Frequency Shift Keying移频键控
FSU:Fixed Subscriber Unit单用户固定台
FTHD:Fixed temperatute Heat Detector 定温控测器
FTP:Foil Tnisted Pair金属箔双绞电缆
FTTB:Fiber To The Building 光纤到大楼
FTTC:Fiber To The Curb光纤到路边
FTTH:Fiber To The Home 光纤到家庭
FW:fire Wall 防火墙
FWHM:Full Width Half Maximum 脉冲的半高宽度
PACR:Attonuation to Crosstalk Ratio 衰减与串扰比
GAP:Gaussian (filtered)Frequency Shift Keying 高斯滤波频移键控 TOP
GBS:Glass Break Sensors 玻璃破碎传感器
GC:Generic Cabling 综合布线
GIB:Generic Information Block 通用信息模块
GNE:Gateway Network Element网关
GSM:Global System for Mobile communications全球移动通信系统
H:Hybrid 混合式 TOP
HCBS:High C Bus Servers Unit 高速C总线服务单元
HCS:Higher order Connection Supervision高阶连接监视
HD:Heat Detecter 感温探测器
HDB3:High Density Bipolar of order 3code 高密度双极性码
HDLC:High Data Link Control 高级数据链路控制
HDLC:High Digital Link Control 高级数据链路控制
HDSL:High-bit -rate Digital Subscriber Link 高比特数字用户链路
HDTV:High Definition Television 高清淅度电视
HEC:Header Ervor Control:信头差错控制域
HEMS:High -level Entity Management system高级实体管理系统
HFC:Hybrid fiber coax 光纤-同轴电缆混合系统
HGRP:Home Optical Network 华为公司专用协议
HIFI:High Fidelity 高保真度
HIPPI:High Performance Parrallel Interface高性能并行接口
HMP:Host monitoring protocol 宿主机监视协议
HOA:High Order Assembler高阶组装器
HOAPID:High Order Path Access Point Identifier高阶通道接入不敷出点标识符
HOI:High Order Interface高阶接口
HONET:Home Optical Network 华为综合业务接入网商标
HO-TCM:High Order Tandem Connection Monitor高阶通道串联连接监控
HOVC:High Order Virtual Container 虚容器
HPA:High order path Adaptation高阶适配
HPC:High order path Connection高阶通道连接
HPOM:High -order Path Overhead Monitor高阶通道开销监视器
HPP:High -order path Protection高阶通道保护
HP-RDI:Higher order path -Remote Defect Indication高阶通道接收缺陷指示
HP-REI:Higher order Path-Remote ErrorIndication高阶通道远端错误指示
HPT:High order path Termination高阶通道终端
HRDS:Hypothetical Reference Digital Section假设参考数字段
HSUT:High -order path Supervision Unequipped Termination高阶通道监控未装装载终
HVAC:Heating Ventilation Air Conditioning暖通空调
HWS:Hot Water Supply热水供应系统
I:Interference 串扰 TOP
IA:Intruder Alarm防盗报警
ICMP:Internet Control Message Protocol控制信息协议
IDC:Insucation Displacement Connection绝缘层信移连接件
IDS:Industrial Distribution System 工业布线系统
IFC:Intelligent Fire Controller 照明智能控制器
ILD:Inject Light Diode 注入式激光二极管
IM:Impedance Matching 阻抗匹配
IMA:Interactive Multimedia Association交互式多媒体协议
IM-DM:Intensity Modulation-Direction Modulation直接强度调制
IN:Information Network 信息网
IO:Information Outlet信息插座
IOS:Intelligent Out Station 智能外围站
IPEI:International Portable国际移动设备标识号
IPTU:Indoor Pan &Tilt Unit 室内水平俯仰云台
IPUI:International Portable User Identity国际移动用户标识号
ISD:Ionization Smoke Detector 离子感烟探测器
IT:Information Technology 信息技术
ITU:International Telecommunications Union 国际电信联盟
ITU-T:原名CCITT,是国际电信联盟的一个委员会
ITV:Interactive Tevevision 交互式电视
JIT-Discussion conference system 即席发言系统
L:Lens摄像机镜头 TOP
LAN:Local Area Network 局域网
LAPB:Link Access Procedure-Balanced 链路接入规程----平衡
LAPD:Link Access Procedure D-channel D信道链路访问协议
LCD:Liquid Crystal Display 液晶显示屏
LCL:Longituchinal Conrorsion Loss纵模变换损耗
LCN:Local Communication Network 本地通信网
LCS:Lower order Connection Supervision低阶连接监视
LD:Laser Diode激发二极管
LE:Local Exchange本地交换网
LED:Light Emittirng Diode发光二极管
LIU:Lightguide Interconnection Unit光纤互连装置
LLC:Logic Link Control Layer逻辑链路控制层
LLME:Low Layer Management Entity低层管理实体
LM:Lerel Modulation电平调节
LNA:Low Noise Amplifier低噪音放大器
LOF:Loss Of Frame 帧丢失
LOI:Low Order Interface低阶接口
LOP:Loss Of Pointer 指针丢失
LOS:Loss Of Signal 信号丢失
LO-TCM:Low Order Tandem Connection Monitor低阶通道串联连接监视器
LOVC:Low Order Virtual Container 低阶虚容器
LPA:Lower order qath Adaptation低阶通道适配
LPC:Lower order Path Connection低阶通道连接
LPOM:Low-order Path Overhead Monitor低阶通道开销监视器
LPP:Low-order Path Protection 低阶通道保护
LPT:Lower order Path Termination低阶通道终端
LSBCM:Laser Base Current Monitor激光器偏流监视
LSUT:Low -order path Supervision Unequipped 低阶通道监控未装载终端
LTC:Londline Trunk Coutroller有线线路分配器
LU:Line Unit 线路单元
MAC:Medium Access Control Layer 介质访问控制层 TOP
MBMC:Multiple Burst Mode Controller 多突发模式控制器
MCF:Message Communication Function消息通信功能
MD:Mediation Device中介设备
MFPB:Multi-Frequency Press Button多频按键
MIB:Management Information Base 管理信息库
MIC:Mediu Interface Connector 介质接口连接器
MIO:Multiuser Information Outlet 多用户信息插座
MLM:Multi-Longitudinal Mode 多纵模
MM:Mobile Management 移动管理
MMDS:Maltichanned Microware Distribution System多路微波分配系统
MMO:Multionedia Outlet 多媒体插座
MN-NES:MN-Network Element System 网元管理系统
MN-RMS:MN-Region Management System 网络管理系统
MO:Managed Object 管理目标
MSA:Multiplex Section Adaptation复用段适配
MS-AIS:Mutiplex Section-Alarm Indication Signal 复用段告警指示信号
MSOH:Multiplex Section Overhead 复用段开销
MSP:Multiplex Section Protection复用段保护
MS-RDI:Multiplex Section-Remote Defect Indication复用段远端缺陷指示
MST:Multiplex Section Termination复用段终端
MSU:Multi-Subscriber Unit 多用户单元
MTIE:Maximum Time Interval Error最大时间间隔误差
MUX:Multiplexer 灵活复接器
NDF:New DataFlag 新数据标识
NDFA:Niobium-Doped Fiber Amplifier 掺铌光纤放大器
NE:Network Element 网元
NEXT:Near End Crosstalk 近端串扰
NMS:Network Management System网络管理系统
NNE:Non-SDH Network Element 非SDH网元
NNI:Network Node Interface网络节点接口
NPI:Null Pointer Indication无效指针指示
NWK:Network Layer 网络层
NZ-DSF:Non Zero-Dispersion Shift Fiber 非零散位移光纤
OAM&P:Operation Administration, Maintenance and Provisioning运行、管理、维护和预置
OAM:Operation, Administration and Maintenance操作、管理和维护
OBFD:Optical Beam Flame Detector 线型光速火焰探测器
OC-N:Optical carrier level-N光载波级N
OCR:Optical Character Recogmition光学字符识别
OEIC:Optoelectronic Integrated Circuit光电集成电路
OFA:Optical Fiber Amplifier 光纤放大器
OHP:Overhead Processing开销处理
OLT:Optical Line Terminal光纤线路终端
ON:Orerall Noise 总噪声
ONU:Optical Network Unit 光纤网络单元
OOF:Out Of Frame 帧失步
OOP:Object Oriental Programming面向对象程序设计
OS:Operating System 操作系统
OSC:Oscillator 振荡器
OSI:Open Systems Interconnection开放系统互连
OTDK:Optical Time Doman Reflectometer 光时域反射线
OTDM:Optical Time Division Multiplexing 光时分复用
PA:Power Amphfier 功率放大器 TOP
PA:Power Amplifier 功率放大器
PABX:Private Auntomatic Branch Exchange 程控数字自动交换机
Paging :无线呼叫系统
PAL:Pinhole Alc Lons 针孔型自动亮度控制镜头
PARK:Portable Access Rights Key 移动用户接入权限识别码
PAS:Public Address System 公共广播音响系统
PBX:Private Brancn exchange 程控用户交换机
PC:Pan unit&control 云台及云台控制器
PC:Proximinty Card 接近卡
PCM:Pulse Code Modulation 脉冲编码调制
PCS:Personal Communication Service个人通讯服务
PDFA:Praseodymium-Doped Fiber Amplifier 掺镨光纤放大器
PDH:Plesiochronous digital Hierarchy 准同步数字系列
PDN:Public data network 公用数据网
PDS:Premises Distribution Systemn建筑物结构化综合布线系统
PF:Pressurization Fan 加压风机
PG:Pressure Gradient 压差式
PID:Passire Infrared Detector 被动式红外传感器
PJE:Pointer Justification Event 指针调整事件
PLC:Programmerable Logic Controller 可编程控制器
PM:Power Matching 功率匹配
PMS:Prooerty Management system 资源管理系统
PO:Pressure Operated 压强式
POH:Path Overhead 通道开销
PPI:PDH Physical InterfacePDH物理接口
Preamplification :前置放大
PRI:Primany Rate Interface 基群速率接口
PRM:Patter Recogniton Method模式识别法
PSC:Protectiontching Count 保护倒换计数
PSD:Photoelectric Smoke Detector 光电感烟探测器
PSD:Protectiontching Duration保护倒换持续时间
PSK:Phase Shift Keying 移相键控
PSNT:Ponver Sum Next 综合近端串扰
PSPDN:Packettched Public Data Network 公众分组交换网
PSTN:Publictch Telephone Network 公用交换电话网
PU:Pick Up 拾音器
PVC:Polyvingl chloride 聚氯乙烯
PVCS:Public video conferring system 公用型会议电视系统
PWS:Power system 电源系统
ITU-T:International Telecommunication Union-Telecommunication Sector国际电信联盟-电信标准部 R:Receiver 终端解码器 TOP
R:Reverberator 混响器
RC:Radio Communication移动通信
RC:Room’s Coefficient 房间系数
RCU:Remote Control Units 终端控制器
RDI:Remote Defect Indication 远端失效指示
REG:Regenerator 再生器
Resolution:清晰度
RF:Radio Frequency 射频
RHE:Romote Head End 远地前端
RMC:Repeater Management Controller天线信道控制器
RMS:Root Mean Square 均方根值
RMU:Redundancy Memory Unit 冗佘存贮器
RORTD:Rate Of Rise Thermal Detector 差温探测器
RR:Reverberation Radius 混响半径
RS:Reflected sound 反射场
RSOH:Regenerator Section Ouerhead 再生段开销
RSSI:Radio Signal Strength Indicator
RST:Regenerator Section Termination 再生段终端
RSU:Remote Subscriber Unit 远端用户单元
RT:Real Time 实时
RT:Reverberation Time 混响时间
RWS:Remote Workstation 远端工作站
S:Sprinkler 分配器 TOP
S:Stereo 双声道
S:Strike 电子门锁
SAA:Sound Absorption Ability 吸声能力
SAR:Segmetation and reassembly sublayer 拆装子层
SATV:Sate Llite 卫星电视
SBS:Synchronous Backbone System 同步信息骨干系统
SBSMN:SBS SBS Management Network 系列传输设备网管系统
SC:Smart Card 智能卡
SC:Subscriber Connector (Optial Fiber Connector)用户连接器(光纤连接器)
SC:Supervisong Center 中央站监控中心管理中心
SCADA:监控和数据采集软件
SCB:System Control Board 系统控制板
SCC:System Control&Communication系统通信控制
SC-D:Saplex sc commector 双ISC连接器
SCD:Sound Console Desk 调度台
SCPC:Single Chnanel Per Carrier 卫星回程线路
SCS:Stractured Cabling System 结构化布线系统
SD:Signal Degraded 信号劣化
SD:Smoke damper 排烟阀
SD:Smoke Detector 感烟探测器
SD:System Distortion 系统失真
SDCA:Synchronization DCA同步数据通讯适配器
SDMA:Spaee Division Multiplex Access容分
SDXC:Synchronous Digital Cross Connect 同少数字交叉连接
SE:Sound Energy 声能
SEC:SDH Equipment Clock SDH 设备时钟
SED:Sound Energy Density 声能密度
SEEF:Smoke Extractor Exhaust Fan 排烟风机
SEMF:Synchronous Equipment Management Function同步设备管理功能
SES:Severely Errored Second 严重误码秒
SESR:Severely Errlred Second Ratio严重误码秒比率
SETPI:Synchronous Equipment Timing Physical Interface同步设备定时物理接口
SETS:Synchronous Equipment Timing Source同步设备定时源
SF:Spur Feeder 分支线
SF:Subscribers Feeder 用户线
SFN:Sound Field Nonunifornity 声场不均匀度
SFP:Sound Field Processor 声场处进器
SI:Sound Installation 音响设备
SI:Sound Insulation隔音
SICS:Simultaneous Interpretation Conference system同声传译系统
SIPP:Service Interface and protocol processing unit业务接口和协议处理单元
SLC:Sate llite Commumication 卫星通信
SLI:Synchronous Line Optical Interface同步线路光口板
SLIC:Subscriber Line Interface Controller用户线接口控制器
SLM:Signal Label Mismatch 信号标记失配
SM:Synchronous Multiplexer同步复用器
SMF:System management function系统管理功能
SMS:SDH Management Sub -Network SDH管理子网
SNA:System Network
工业设计
Design is a particular human beings in order to achieve the purposes of the creative activities, which includes all man-made goods in the formation process.
Industrial design concepts: the current widely used definition of the international Federation of Associations of Industrial Design (ICSID) in 1980 for the annual meeting of the Paris industrial design under the amended definition: "the mass production of industrial products, by virtue of training, technical know-how , Experience and feelings and give visual materials, structure, shape, color, surface processing and decoration to a new quality and qualifications, called industrial design. "
1. Traditional industrial design
Industrial design for the people truly understand and play a role in the outbreak of the industrial revolution, to the industrialized mass production conditions to develop. At that time, a large number of industrial products ugly, has seriously affected people's daily life, industrial design as a change in the situation at the time the inevitable means boarded the historical stage. The traditional industrial design refers to the means of production of industrial products conducted by the planning and design, so that with the use of achieving the best possible match between the creative activities. From this concept of the nature of industrial design: first, industrial design aims to obtain a product with the best match between people. This match, not only to meet the demand for use, but also with the physical, psychological and other areas to demand the right match, which precisely reflects the people-oriented design ideas. Second, the industrial design is a must? Quot; creative activities. "Industrial design of nature that it is a very broad coverage of the cross-integrate the science, get involved in the many areas of research disciplines, like the industrial society of the adhesive, so that the original Isolated disciplines such as: physics, chemistry, biology, marketing, aesthetics, ergonomics, sociology, psychology, philosophy, etc., mutual contact and mutual exchanges, the form of organic unity. Realization of the objective to reveal the natural The laws of science and subjective, dynamic and creative activities for the arts once again joined hands.
2. Modern Industrial Design
Traditional industrial design is the core product design. Accompanied by a history of the development, design content also tends to the development of more extensive and in-depth. Now, the development of human society has entered a modern industrial society, brought about by the design of the material achievements of human existence and its status and way of life is affected by the past can not compare any era, modern industrial design, the concept of this came into being . Modern industrial design can be divided into two levels: general industrial design and narrow industrial design.
General Industrial Design (Generalized Industrial Design)
Means to achieve a particular purpose, from conception to the establishment of a practical implementation plan, with clear and that by means of a series of acts. It contains all the use of modern means of production and services in the design process.
Narrow industrial design (Narrow lndustrial Design)
Referring only to product design, that is, against man and nature in the relevance of the tools and equipment made by the response to the demand. In order to survive, including life and to maintain and develop the necessary such as tools, equipment and products, and other material and equipment carried out by design. Product design is the core of products on the user's body, the heart has a good affinity with the match.
Narrow the definition of industrial design and industrial design of the traditional definition is the same. As industrial design since have always been based on product design, product design often referred to as industrial design.
Industrial Design Category
As the field of industrial design increasingly expanding, and in different areas but also has their own characteristics, we can from different angles on the field of industrial design division:
1. The existence of art as a form of classification:
One-dimensional design, refers only to the design time for the variable; two-dimensional design, also known as graphic design, is targeted at the plane change the subject, such as graphics, text, trademarks, advertising design. Three-dimensional design, also known as three-dimensional design, such as product, packaging, construction and the environment; four-dimensional design, is accompanied by one-dimensional three-dimensional space time (that is, in the form of 3 +1) the design, such as stage design.
2. From the human, natural and social correspondence between starting, in accordance with the disciplines form the essence of the meaning of Category:
Human, natural, social composition of the most basic relations between the circles and classification of the relationship generally is:
◆ product design: the equivalent narrow industrial design, 3D design is based;
◆ environmental design: including all types of building design, urban and regional planning, construction plans, environmental engineering, etc.;
◆ spread to the design of the language, text or graphics as the media and achieve the transfer activities carried out by design. According to the different media Kegui Wei two categories: the text and graphics as the medium of visual communication; language and. Audio media for dissemination of the hearing.
3. In accordance with the concept of industrial design and to define Category:
With the development of technology and the use of modern technology, industrial design and process design of the boundaries are becoming blurred mouth benefits, some of the original Arts and Crafts design of the design activities of both the industrial design features, such as furniture design and fashion design . Industrial design as a connecting bridge between technology and the market, the rapid expansion of commercial areas in all its aspects:
◆ advertising design: including newspapers, magazines, posters, brochures, trademarks, etc.;
◆ display design: including the pavement, Showcase, Showcase, signs, exhibitions, advertising tower;
◆ packaging design: including wrapping paper, packaging, labelling and packaging of goods;
◆ binding design: including magazines, books, artwork, cartoons and layout design.
Even in Zichengtiji in the field of construction, industrial design also play an increasingly important role.
The content of Industrial Design
Industrial design in the enterprise has broad application of space. Therefore, enterprises in the industrial design from the level of demand for industrial design point of view of the contents of the enterprises make better use of industrial design, to create greater value, will provide great convenience.
1. Product Design
Product Design industrial design is the core of enterprise application design is the key link, it will achieve a change in the form of raw materials for a more valuable form. Industrial designers of the people through the physical, psychological, living habits, and so on all the natural attributes of the cognitive and social attributes, product features, performance, form, price, location of the use of the environment, with materials, technology, structure, technology , Shape, color, surface treatment and decoration, cost and other factors, from the social, economic and technical point of view of creative design, production and management in enterprises in achieving design quality assurance, under the premise that the product is a product enterprises, market Of goods, but also the ordinary people of supplies to customer needs and business benefits of perfect unity.
2. Corporate image design (Corporate ldenlti-fication System, referred to CIS)
Enterprise recognition system from a unified corporate philosophy, standardize enterprise behavior and consistent posed by the visual image. Through the CIS design, so that enterprises have the visual impact can be clearly shows that corporate personality, strength and confidence in enterprises is a manifestation. A successful business must be a cohesive internal and external consumers can trust and identity, thereby enhancing corporate reputation, and corporate management objectives and development goals.
3. Environmental Design (and the interface between the hardware design)
Industrial design as a communication and the environment (construction, transportation, room, shopping malls, streets……) between the interface language to intervene in environmental design. Through the different acts, objectives and the needs of awareness, to object to the design - kind of language, people and the environment for the financial - physical, to give a cordial and convenient, comfortable feeling. Focus on solving urban environmental design of human interface between the building and all the problems, such as: information, signal systems, environmental protection programmes, so as to also participate in solving the social life of the major issues.
4. Design Management (Des; 8n Mana8ement, referred to DM)
Design activities soon as the operation of enterprises in important part in project management, interface management, design management systems, such as the development of product line management, be good at using design tools, and implementing design-oriented thinking and behavior, and with the strategy or technological achievements Into a product or service process. Design management into the enterprise is an indispensable element for the success of enterprises to follow the design principles and strategies in the development of enterprises in production and business activities of various departments for guidance, to achieve the design objective, value-added products. Successful use of design management, will enable enterprises in the strategic planning stage to contain the operating strategy, strategic advantages for products and enterprises in the competition-set a good foundation.
The ultimate aim of industrial design is to meet the physical and psychological needs of many of the largest. Industrial products, arts and crafts people is to meet production and daily needs, no doubt for the industrial design is modern services, to meet the demands of modern people. Therefore, it is first necessary to meet people's physical needs - product features. 1 cup must be able to drink water, a pen must be able to write, a bike must be able to travel, a truck must be able to load and so on. The first industrial design is aimed through the rational planning of products due to people more easily use them to better play its effectiveness. In research on the basis of product performance, industrial design also adopted a reasonable shape means so that products can have very spirit of the times, in line with performance, and coordination of environmental products form so that people can have the enjoyment of the United States.
Industrial design and industrial modernization is the inevitable product of market competition, designed to target the mass production methods of industrialized products, industrial design of modern human life has a huge impact, but also constrained by the realities of production and living standards.
Industrial design companies in the position and role:
• Design is a bridge between enterprises and the market: On the one hand, production and technology into the market demand for products, on the one hand the market feedback to promote the development of enterprises enterprises.
• • design is a means of value-added products: the biggest role in the enterprise is to raise the value-added products. The value of this additional material is not visible presence, more of the performance of the invisible. Appearance, product image
• • Design is an important enterprise resources: good design enterprises will have a better reputation, making enterprises more dynamic, a company's development tools
• • design integrity of the enterprise is to establish a means of visual images: the visual image of business is to establish the appearance of the best brand image, which is the company a unique style.
Industrial design creativity is a good product design the most important prerequisite for simplicity is an important indicator of good design, product design is a measure of applicability of another important criterion, a reasonable man-machine relations, human-computer interface harmony, their own language products should be good at self - Notes, and carefully handle every detail, emphasis on regional ethnic characteristics, contains cultural identity, attention to ecological balance, beneficial to the protection of the environment, product design of the eternal.
Industrial design should pay attention to follow the following principles: the principle of creativity; principles of market demand; principle of giving priority to the user; business goals principle easy to grasp the principle of aesthetic principles, protection of ecological environment principles.
Industrial design related to psychology, sociology, aesthetics, ergonomics, mechanical construction, photography, color science, methodology and design of the three constitute a basis for
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Into the United States, Europe, Japan and other developed countries for industrial design and industrial design definition of the development process
U.S. industrial design information age
The United States is the first country to enter the information age, information technology is the most developed countries. Whether in the computer hardware and software, or in the application of computer technology in all aspects of the world's leading status. In particular, the popularity of the Internet, so that the United States more fully into society by the information industry as a leader of the new era. In the new economic, cultural background, the United States of industrial design from the beginning of the end of the 20th Century 80, great changes have taken place.
At the same time, to Rowe as the representative of the U.S. pioneer in the design has passed away, despite their name to the design of some companies still exist, but these masters of the location of a number of new independent replaced by a design firm. The new design firm in terms of knowledge structure, services or design with the traditional means in the clear very different firms, because they firmly grasp the pulse of the information age, design and rapid expansion of business, established in the industrial sector Good reputation, the U.S. business magazine called American industry a new generation of heroes. The new design consulting company no longer well-known designer for the signs, but in a "design" the name of the word named, stressed that the design is a team event rather than individual work, such as the New York Smart Design, Chicago Design Logic, such as California's Lunar Design. In many cases, the person in charge of these companies are the first generation or second generation of European immigrants, and the famous Forgdesign is originally a German company, the new generation of designers to more European concept to the United States, which will U.S. advanced technology and the European deep historical and cultural traditions closer together so that the design of the United States in the information age has made a great leap forward. This is in California, particularly Silicon Valley, particularly conspicuous in this regard because there are many Europeans settled here, on the other hand is also here because of the emerging high-tech industry and the United States earlier in the design of machines predecessors did not have much contact. Here, the design of many new companies have been for Apple, and other high-tech companies.
With the traditional industrial design firms to provide industrial products mainly different designs, the new design companies to be able to provide more comprehensive services, they can not only provide product design and engineering design of appearance, can also provide market research, consumer Investigation, human-computer research, public relations and corporate planning site design and maintenance, and other aspects of the services, and global activities. In fact, some new design company has established a global network of services to meet the increasing globalization of world economic trends. Industrial design such a change reflects the changes in the management of enterprises, more and more enterprises in the future in-house research organizations to reduce, instead of social cooperation, not only to reduce expenditure, but also the wider community to seek professional Resources cooperation. In addition, many enterprises to upgrade design as a business quality and to stimulate creative strategic management tool, not only confined to a single product design development activities, thereby greatly expanded the scope of application of industrial design. Given the design of a greater range of needs, design company personnel are not limited to design, but more professional cooperation. In addition, the design company's design also means a lot because of a computer-aided design and revolutionary changes have taken place, SGI (Silicon Graphic) graphics workstations and Alias, Pro-Designer, such as industrial design software to design more flexible, fast, industrial design itself so And the high-tech.
U.S. industrial design in the 1990s Another major change is the high-tech products, including computers, modern office equipment, medical equipment, communications equipment, and so became the main areas of industrial design. Industrial design in the high-tech humanity, in the process of commercialization has played an important role as a bridge. It is the efforts of designers, the previously daunting become high-tech day-to-day work and life indispensable partners.
Headquartered in Portland, Oregon, the Ziba (ZIBA) design companies is considered the best international design companies. Ziba's design philosophy is simple to win, and stressed that the products of the plane, the company's product design is the attention to detail, the "God in the details of." At the same time, Ziba also designed the pursuit of fun and harmony through color, shape, details and graphic design products so that a cordial and pleasant and cute humor to Yasugongshang. Ziba companies in recent years with Microsoft, HP, Fujitsu, Intel and other companies to design a number of excellent products, the company developed for Microsoft's "natural" keyboard of its ease of use, human-computer interface comfortable, unique and novel shape Users are welcome. Ziba also designed a large number of high-tech medical equipment, the design of such products by more concise and bright pieces of modeling to facilitate the operation and cleaning, and trying to make previously complex and daunting process of becoming a medical simple and easy. Ziba Design of the hemodialysis machines with clear, concise touch screen has replaced the previous complex controls and switches, automatic control and install the software, so that medical personnel can easily facilitate the operation, addition, since the use of a modular design, can also Easy entry, to provide on-site services.
展会管理的相关英文文献
Exhibition is to brand products will display the target consumer groups in the platform, as business owners, operators, What kind of image should display to partners, consumers and even competitors, Public enterprises have become brands and the exhibition were the focus of confrontation, this time in addition to enterprises, brand itself products, service with the competitive edge, a "precision also beautifully packaged" exhibition will be the success or failure of the core elements. How the image of the exhibition is more "accurate" and "exquisite" and exhibitors were all difficult and hard from the exhibition before the positioning of the target groups, and the advantages of our competitors, Requests to the professional design company elaborately packaged image of the booth, and promotional materials, the exhibition also Try : Brochures increasingly exquisite samples of the printed paper are increasingly high requirements, publicity contents of comprehensive and detailed as possible, countless advertising posters and even gift bags have become the public focus of the family rivalry, as if one packed full, the favorites of the gift bags will be able to partners, consumer groups, as well as surprises and full of confidence. Gift abandoned the problem lie? Indeed, enterprises, and make great efforts to brand big price for their booth and personality more beautiful. This is the exhibitors, the exhibition started compulsory, but has undergone a number of exhibitions, We also found an interesting phenomenon : Many live near the Expo will always be a lot of publicity materials, monolithic, Gift bags have been abandoned, if only because viewers careless omission, which also reversing excusable, but the fact is not the case. because many of the promotional materials and publications are in the audience left after the selection. Also the same exhibitors as well as in distributing information to visitors and gifts, why have some business advisory stage filled with people. In order to get information or to queue up, some enterprises booth is empty, even though information issued to the gift, has finally been abandoned visitors. Enterprise, the exhibition put the annual incremental Booth also countless beautiful, But many enterprises after the exhibition reflects the general response is very, try and not the crux of the problem, Finally can only blame bad luck or the person in charge, with the company not well done. If we show this big platform and the large window function and the role of decomposition that we can immediately see that the problem lies : 1, the exhibition is a comprehensive interactive platform for exhibitors and the needs of the audience participation, exhibitors need to attract the audience's attention, how to attract -- beautiful booth, a unique innovation; 2. Expo activities this platform is peer rivalry between competition and the stage, Who can in the first time to attract more viewers and partners -- the concept of precision transmission and exquisite Booth image; 3. Expo activities is also a corporate and brand information focus on the external release window, exhibitors to bring about a rapid understanding of the target groups themselves -- prepared the exhibits and information proficiency of staff; 4, the exhibition is a short-term promotion, the exhibition itself in the continuity of very poor, How to let the target groups through this exhibition after a very long time can remember -- let the audience away happy, gifts, and retains the integrity, which is very important, also contributed to future cooperation in the key points. Enterprise before going to the exhibition, there will be very well prepared to do in front of 3:00 is not very difficult thing, However, to do the fourth point, really let the visitors, partners very happy to accept their own promotional materials, promotional gifts. and later, a very long period of time to retain such information, is not an easy thing. Many enterprises believe that their promotional materials do some detailed, some printed in exquisite, Gift bags have done a bit more special 1:00 enough for the visitors to retain such information. But in fact may not be the case, in particular visitors targeted visitors, they will be more in accordance with the actual needs of a targeted search for exhibitors, the same time will be to their interest in the projects and products to staff advice, At this point the promotional materials for their information is just a backup, publicity some detailed information is of course good, But we must consider that the visitors can not only inspected on an enterprise to meet, then when the number of exhibitors were getting the information, will likely be a thick pile, when excessive weight when Visitors will have to give up part of the information, too much, too heavy. introduced too vague or too Yong introduced long it may become targets of abandoning them, And if only to create promotional materials products statements, the lack of quick access to the information and visual highlight, then this information is also very likely to be discarded. discarded information enterprises in the course of this exposition of information transfer and renewal will stop here. How to let gifts become a "hot demand" exhibition distributed by the course of the items include the brochure, printed materials such as gift bags, and stationery and other small gifts, how to get these common markets as distributed goods in the eyes of visitors, "in hot demand," we need the concept and design effort from top to bottom, we would like to give some simple examples for reference : pamphlets -- also called DM single page, which is the process of exhibition enterprises to distribute information on one of the largest, 16 are generally open size, the above simple businesses, products and services introduced. However, if only a simple Coated Paper printed publicity single page, it is difficult to give everybody a good mood. Unless this single page content is of great concern to the audience. At this time, when all individual pages are very similar when we not change ideas, break the traditional circle, propaganda sheets from some images become attractive, single-page publicity paper done some special. The author has collected some rather special single-page publicity, Fabrics such as a Japanese enterprises will publicize the information printed on a cloth on the back of the eyes, which wears glasses are very practical; It is for the owners OFFICE very happy to reservations; publicity album -- can also be called the Enterprise samples or brand album This exhibition is distributing publicity materials of the highlights, promotional brochure enterprises generally reflect the overall strength and circumstances, Information is also scope for a broad number of leaflets. Against publicity brochure design, we propose "some poise," After all, this album also carries enterprises and brand image, the picture, as far as possible, illustrated form, The exquisite picture and printing paper for the high demand is also essential. We see a lot of visitors, the developers get some exquisite album, even if no procurement plan Take them home and are very value for subsequent access to information. However, in the form of promotional brochure it is not immutable, some innovative album in readership, Technology and binding methods, etc. reflect very strong personality, For example, some brands will be wearing specially printed brochure postcards, pretty positive is the product photographs, Back to see the enterprises and brand introduced, the postcard book is not only easy to collect, and if postcards will be sent out. the enterprise is also very good publicity. Gift bag -- this is for the developer to provide visitors the most common one of the free gifts, since it is a gift, will be sent sent to a decent and practical. Gift bags, the first beautiful, if monotonous screen printed on the business name and logo, it is difficult to make people more enjoyable. When visitors walked a happy brand of the gift bags, it is tantamount to doing brands free publicity. Second, gift bags and quality of the material to have that we have to get some special light-weight material gift bag look quite nice, but how many things can carry on through the end; Some carry hand partly made of hard plastic, although very solid and but carry a long time hands uncomfortable. Some gift bags appearance to the atmosphere, are bigger and bigger, Although many things can be installed, but conventional super-size bag is a carry up trouble. Therefore, the gift bags are worthless. I had a high-grade leather enterprises gift bags, picture is a very fashionable product photographs, and the bag and the texture work is very good, often used for information, the two are not bad, as such a gift bag, Any one hand the people will not abandon reason. Memorial gifts -- exhibitor distributed small gifts, small souvenirs is not anything new, commemorative T, the signed it. small transparent plastic boxes, table calendar calendars, puzzles, stickers, etc. is not uncommon, However, the distribution of these small gifts and small souvenirs are also asked University. First, the small gift is not necessarily more expensive the better, and certain functional it will greatly enhance the future rates, as a three-dimensional table calendar, puzzles Photo Frame, pretty mouse pad and so on. on the desk is decorated also must meet the day-to-day practical needs, the same time ensure that the enterprise information in a very long period of time was maintained. Secondly, these small gifts also need good quality work and, in particular are commonly used to commemorate the pen, signed it in this collection of stationery gifts, Otherwise, visitors will get a write commemorative T word, it will be an embarrassing thing. Finally, the enterprises should not only from the company providing the gift samples were selected to drill a small gift on business information, In fact, a common small gifts can also have their unique creative, had a specially Adjunct enterprises will create lace tassel hanging sergeant hanging on the fridge, accompanied enterprises nameplate. This will display the products, and other enterprises opened a small gift from a distance, also a small gift to reduce the costs of investment, as a whole in 2003.
参考资料:TECH TREK.CABI Publishing 2005
DOTA6.57b有那些变化?
修正了几个容易引发游戏BUG的设定
--DotA v6.57更新日志--
* 更改了-sd模式英雄的选择机制。现在三位英雄将在能量圈里以图标的方式供玩家选择。
* 修正改进了大量关于地图语言兼容性的问题
* 为中国玩家修正了作用于魔兽争霸三1.20e版本下的一些游戏bug
* 大大降低了游戏的CPU占用
* 能量圈现在有6个物品栏,拥有的物品被技能所替代,玩家不能拾取非自身购买的物品。
* 更改了购物后物品掉落的位置。购物时如果周围没有单位,物品将出现在玩家的能量圈里
* 降低了薄葬的冷却时间(90/70/50/30->80/60/40/20)
* 增加打掉能量齿轮的奖励
* 降低了发条地精的智力成长(1.7->1.3)
* 增加了发射钩爪技能的魔法量 (125->150)
* 增加了月蚀技能的冷却时间(140->160/150/140)
* 现在月骑死后月蚀将不再继续释放,月光间隔从0.5秒增至0.6秒
* 降低了风行者的三技能风行者冷却时间(65/50/35/20->30/25/20/15)
* 降低了船长普罗德摩尔的初始智力 (18->16)
* 降低了船长普罗德摩尔的智力成长(2.2->1.5)
* 削弱了地图标记的持续时间(2/3/4/5秒持续时间, 60/50/40/30 cd, 115魔耗 --> 1/2/3/4秒冷却时间,30 cd,80/90/100/110魔耗)
* 增加了船长普罗德摩尔手动地图标记的魔耗
* 增加了船长普罗德摩尔幽灵船的魔耗(150->150/200/250)
* 全能骑士的初始移动速度下降5
* 增加了暗影萨满的初始力量(16->19)
* 增加了狂热光环的作用范围 (300-500)
* 改进了黑暗贤者的施法前摇
* 略微增加了黑暗贤者的复制之墙持续时间
* 降低了地卜师低级地之突袭的伤害加成(15->4/8/12/16)
* 改进了束缚击的角度和范围
* 略微增加了束缚击的持续时间和冷却时间(0.5, 1.4/2.1/2.8/3.5, 14 -> 0.75, 1.5/2.25/3/3.75, 10)
* 降低了暗影萨满大招群蛇守卫的冷却时间(恒定120秒变为100/80/60秒)
* 降低了鬼影重重分身的伤害(50%-> 40%)
* 鬼影现在出现在对方身前后,与攻击对方之间有1秒的延迟
* 降低了元素分离的魔耗和冷却时间
* 增强了神灵武士的大招牺牲
* 改进了鱼人守卫的施法前摇
* 重做了巫毒回复术的作用机制
* 略微增强了强化浮雕(冷却时间从6分钟减少到5分钟)
* 小鸡现在花费200金
* 改进了精神体的攻击类型
* 调低了精灵狼的生命值(400/500/600/700 -> 400/475/550/625)
* 降低了狼人和精灵狼2点的初始护甲
* 增加了白牛技能神行太保的作用范围(300->500)
* 命令光环的范围从300增至450
* 增加了雷霆一击的作用范围
* 无光之盾的生命值从100/125/150/175增加至110/140/170/200
* 跳刀的冷却时间从15秒增加至18秒
* 每位选手在游戏开始时就拥有一个能量圈。
* 现在-disablehelp命令可以令队友船长的地图地标对自己无效
* 修正了靠近天灾野区中心一些关于树林的布局问题
* 略微调整了天灾上路的防御塔位置(往回推了一点与近卫上路相对应)
* 你的能量圈会看起来比队友的更明显
* 恢复了小地图以前的设置,由于不同联赛模式下的问题
* 改进了Roshan新技能重击的数值(在上个版本中代替了投石技能)
* 将强化浮雕从道具商人移到你的能量圈技能中,以此来防止敌军的一些滥用
* 现在-disablehelp命令可以让光法大招对你的召唤无效
* 加入了一些新的英雄声音到-quote命令(食人魔魔法师、哥布林工程师、兽王和熊猫酒仙),如果你随机选择英雄声音,它会告诉你编号
* 改变了光明游侠的人物音效
* 修正了天灾远古野区的拉野范围
* 修正了关于多个meepo用复活盾复活的视角问题
* 修正了记分板的消耗品计数
* 修正了静电场伤害略高于显示数值的问题
* 当CD正在减少时,bkb在使用后可以丢弃
* 修正了关于-sc的文本显示
* 修正了一个相位靴和精灵龙相位移动的bug
* 相位靴的使用不会触发最后遗言
* 修正了近卫下路小怪路径
* 在dm模式中英雄无法买活
* 修正-cm模式中,reload后,裁判记分板消失的问题
* 修正一些在dm模式中英雄复活的相关问题(在-dm中,不是-dmap或者-dmar)
* 显影之尘将会显示冷却时间
* 消除了关于狂战士怒吼和丢弃物品的相关bug
* 修正关于小鸟使用显影之尘的问题
* 修正rd模式中 英雄选择结束后,选择区域对于天灾方显示为以探索的bug
* 修正在正常模式中,无法从黄昏酒馆repick的问题
* 修正关于灵能陷阱数量的问题
* 修正在-test模式中 防御塔被击毁的相关问题
* 修正复活盾在meepo的副体上的魔法值问题
* 修正一些关于船长视觉效果的bug
* 修正假腿和精气光环的bug
* 修正一些关于熊猫分身的bug
* 修正相位靴的相关bug
* 跳刀在cd中无法丢弃
* 修正关于小鸟丢弃物品和复活盾的bug
* 修正在某些模式里面 受攻击仍然能使用跳刀的bug
* 修正光明游侠在-sd或-ai中的出现问题
* 修正流星雨和折射之间的问题
* 修正关于熊猫分身圈选的问题
* 修正光明游侠和移动命令的问题
* 相位靴不在驱散静默诅咒
* 修正X标记对熊猫酒仙大招元素分离造成的bug
* 修正在-sc模式中 超级兵被卡住的bug
* 修正一个最近发现的-courier中的bug
* 修改了洪流的状态图标
* 在-gameinfo里增加了-cm模式的信息
* 修正在roshan附近可以在神秘商店买东西的问题
* 修改了关于拉框圈选时能量圈与商店优先选择的问题
BIOS高手请进
其实Award Bios和AMI Bios里面有很多东西是相同的,可以说基本上是一样的,虽然有些名字叫法不同,但是实际作用是一样的。在前文中已经了解了一些Bios的基本知识,和设置,那么在这篇文章里面我就会更详细的介绍一下Bios的超频设置,希望对那些想超频但是又没有接错过超频的玩家能有一些帮助。
和AMI Bios一样,再开机画面时按下“Del”键进入Bios设置菜单(有些是按F1键),如图:
进入后大家会看到以下菜单,也有可能会有一些差别,但是基本上是差不多的,及算名字不同,但是基本上作用是一样的!
大家可以用方向键移动光标,回车键确认,ESC键返回,用PageUp,PageDown和数字键键调整设置,在任何设置菜单中可以按下F10键退出并保存设置,这些都和AMI Bios设置差不多!那么就正是进入设置!
一.SoftMenu Setup(软超频设置)
其实这个Soft Menu Setup,是升技主板独有的技术,这里提供了丰富的CPU外频、倍频调节(需要CPU支持)、AGP/PCI总线频率以及CPU/内存/AGP的电压调节频率等等。这个项目相当于一些主板中的“Frequency/Voltage Control”
前面是CPU的一些基本信息显示,下面的选项就是CPU超频的主要选项了!
1. CPU Operating Speed(CPU外频设置):
这个项目根据你所使用的处理器型式以及速度来显示该处理器的运作速度,您可以选择[User Define](使用者设定)的选项来手动输入其运作速度。 如图:
好了,到了这里我就先放下Bios的设置引导了,在教大家超频之前先向大家解释一下什么叫超频以及超频的原理吧,这样才能让你能更好的进入下一步Bios设置超频!
CPU超频,它的主要目的是为了提高CPU的工作频率,也就是CPU的主频。而CPU的主频又是外频(FSB)和倍频(Multiplier Factor) 的乘积。例如一块CPU的外频为200MHz,倍频为10,可以计算得到它的主频=外频×倍频=200MHz×10 = 2000MHz,即2.0GHz。
提升CPU的主频可以通过改变CPU的倍频或者外频来实现。但如果使用的是Intel CPU,你尽可以忽略倍频,因为IntelCPU使用了特殊的制造工艺来阻止修改倍频。但是有一部分Intel的工程样品是没有锁定倍频额,AMD的CPU可以修改倍频。虽然提升CPU的外频或者倍频都可以使CPU达到同样的频率,比如一颗2.0GHz的CPU,它用200*10=2.0,我们可以把倍频提升到20,而把FSB降到100MHz,或者可以把FSB提升到250,而把倍频降低到8。这两个方法都可以使主频达到2.0G,但是他们所得到的性能是不一样的。因为外频(FSB)是系统用来与处理器通信的通道,应该让它尽可能的提高。所以如果把FSB降到100MHz而把倍频提高到20的话,依然会有2.0GHz的时钟频率,但是系统的其余部分与处理器通信将会比以前慢得多,导致系统性能的损失,因此,如果用户的CPU可以降低倍频,不妨试一试!
外频的速度通常与前端总线、内存的速度紧密关联。因此当你提升了CPU外频之后,CPU、系统和内存的性能也同时提升,这就是为什么DIYer喜欢超频的原因了。
好了,言归正传,继续Bios设置,在你选择“CPU Operating Speed”中的“Use Defined”选项后,你会看到以前不可以选的CPU选项现在已经可以进行设置了!
1.Ext.Clock(CPU/AGP/PCI)
这就是外频调节设置选项,手动输入想设置成的CPU外频数值,在此允许输入数值范围在100-412之间,可以以每1MHz的频率提高进行线性超频,最大限度的挖掘CPU的潜能。一般上CPU的外频在100至250左右较为正常,一般不会超过300MHz,所以用户千万不要一次性把外频调到最高,原则上来讲,第一次超频CPU因为不清楚CPU究竟可以在多高的外频下工作,因此设置外频的数值可以以三至五兆赫兹为台阶提高来慢慢试验,在此为了示范,直接将外频设置成了133MHz这个标准外频,设置了正确的外频数字以后再按回车键确定。
如果CPU的倍频没有被锁定的话,拉么在Ext.Clock(CPU/AGP/PCI)菜单下会显示有一个Multiplier Factor(倍频设置)选项这个项目选择CPU的倍频数。
2.Estimated New CPU clock:
这个项目显示前两项 [Ext. Clock] 与 [Multiplier Factor] 的频率总和。
3. N/B Strap CPU As:
这个部份可以设定指定给MCH (内存控制器)的前端总线。选项有:[PSB400]、[PSB533]、[PSB800]、以及 [By CPU]。默认值是 [By CPU].
若要手动设定这个部份:
若CPU的频率为100MHz FSB,则可选择 [PSB400]。
若CPU的频率为133MHz FSB,则可选择 [PSB533]。
若CPU的频率为200MHz FSB,则可选择 [PSB800]。
4.DRAM Ratio (CPU:DRAM):
这个部份可以决定CPU和DRAM之间的频率比。
说到这里,又得跟大家解释一下CPU与内存的关系了,内存的工作频率是由外频(FSB)决定的,因此我们在对CPU超频的同时就给内存也增加了运行频率,设置外频与内存总线频率的比值。如果你使用的是DDR333内存,它的标准运行频率可以达到166MHz,由于刚才我们已经把外频设置成了133MHz,因此在此可以选择“4:5”,让内存也运行在最高的频率。
5. Fixed AGP/PCI Frequency:
此项目可用来决定AGP/PCI总线的频率,此选项允许你维持您的AGP/PCI频率在一些固定的频率上,以增进系统的稳定性。
6. CPU Power Supply:
此选项允许用户在处理器预设电压数值和使用者定义电压数值之间做切换,请不要随意去变动此预设电压数值,除非你有一定的调节经验,选择「User Define」选项后“CPU Core Voltage ”就可以选择CPU核心所使用的电压可让您以手动的方式来选择处理器的核心电压数值。 如图:
这里介绍一下CPU核心电压,P4 CPU的额定核心工作电压为1.5V,通常不超过1.65V的电压都是安全的,当然超频提高电压是要在保证稳定工作的前提下,尽可能的少加电压,这是从散热方面考虑为了将CPU的温度尽可能的控制在低水平下。电压也可以一点一点儿的逐渐尝试提高,不必急于一步到位,在此我们先选择1.55V尝试一下。请注意超过1.70V的电压对于北木核心的P4来说都是危险的,有可能会烧坏CPU,因此电压不宜加的过高!
7.DDR SDRAM Voltage:
这个部份可以选择DRAM插槽工作电压。
就是来提高给DDR内存供电的电压,DIMM模组的默认电压为2.5V,如果内存品质不好,或是超频了内存,那么可以适当提高一点内存电压,加压幅度尽量不要超过0.5V,不然则有可能会损坏内存!
最后,在这里面还可以看到给AGP显示卡提高工作电压的选项,如果你超频是为标准外频,也让显示卡超频工作了的话,那么可以考虑适当提高一些AGP的电压,AGP默认电压为1.5V。如图:
好了,说了这么多的超频的Bios设置后,继续说明其他选项的Bios设置,当然,一下内容中同样也有关于优化超频的说明!
二.Standard CMOS Features(标准CMOS参数设定)
这里就不用多讲了!想必大家都能看懂!下面是“IDE设备设置”里面的选项解释,一般不用用户设置,保持默认的就可以了!
三.Advanced BIOS Features(BIOS进阶功能设定)
1.Quick Power On Self Test(快速启动选择):
当设定为[Enabled](启动)时,这个项目在系统电源开启之后,可加速POST(Power On Self Test)的程序。BIOS会在POST过程当中缩短或是跳过一些检查项目,从而加速启动等待的时间!
2.Hard Disk Boot Priority(硬盘引导顺序):
此项目可选择硬盘开机的优先级,按下<Enter>的按键,你可以进入它的子选单,它会显示出已侦测到可以让您选择开机顺序的硬盘,以用来启动系统。当然,这个选项要在你安装了两块或者两块以上的系统才能选择!
3. HDD Change Message:
当设定为[Enabled](启动)时,如果你的系统中所安装的硬盘有更动,在POST的开机过程中,屏幕会出现一道提示讯息。
4. First Boot Device / Second Boot Device / Third Boot Device / Boot Other Device:
在[First Boot Device]、[Second Boot Device]以及[Third Boot Device]的项目当中选择要做为第一、第二以及第三顺序开机的装置。BIOS将会依据你所选择的开机装置,依照顺序来启动操作系统!其中可以选择的设备根据你安装的设备而定!如图:
三.Advanced Chipset Features(芯片组设定)
芯片组设定也是Bios设置里面的一个重点设置,这里就详细说明一下!
1.DRAM Timing Selectable(内存参数设置选项):
这个项目会视内存模块的不同,为接下来四个项目设定最佳的计时方式。默认值为「By SPD」。这个默认值会读取SPD (Serial Presence Detect) 装置的内容,并且依据SPD内容设定这四个项目。内存模块上的EEPROM (只读存储器) 储存有关模块的重要参数信息,例如内存类型、大小、速度、电压接口及模块储存区域。
2.CAS Latency Time:
这个项目可控制DRAM读取指令与数据成为真正可用的时间之间的延迟时间。较低的CAS周期能减少内存的潜伏周期以提高内存的工作效率。因此只要能够稳定运行操作系统,我们应当尽量把CAS参数调低,从而提高内存的运行速度。反过来,如果内存运行不稳定,可以将此参数设大,以提高内存稳定性。
3. Act to Precharge Delay:
这个项目控制了给DRAM参数使用之DRAM频率的数值。同理,数值小性能高,但是对内存的质量也要求严格!
4.DRAM RAS# to CAS# Delay:
这个项目可控制DRAM作用指令与读取/写入指令之间的延迟时间,有2,3,4几种选择。数值越小,性能越好。
5. DRAM RAS# Precharge:
这个项目是用来控制当预充电(precharge)指令送到DRAM之后,频率等待启动的等待时间。预充电参数越小则内存读写速度就越快。
以上的内存参数设置一般可以不动!让默认的就可以了,但是超频玩者是肯定不会放过任何可以提高性能的东西的,所以如果你想在这里让你的电脑提升一点性能的话,就必须慢慢试验,选择一个适当的参数才能让你的计算机达到性能和稳定的最佳状态!
6.Video BIOS Cacheable(影像快取):
如同系统BIOS的快取功能,启用影像BIOS的快取功能将允许存取影像BIOS自C0000H到C7FFFH具有快取功能,如果快取控制器也被启用。高速缓存的大小愈大,影像效能将会更快速。
7.Memory Hole At 15M-16M(扩展卡内存分配):
当设定为[Enabled](启动)时,将会有15M-16M的内存空间预留给特别需要此设定的ISA扩充卡。这会使得内存有15 MB以上的空间无法让系统使用,这个项目请使用系统的默认值。
8.Delay Prior to Thermal(激活延时设置):
此项目可用来选在择温探(Thermal)装置动作之前的延迟时间。
9.AGP Aperture Size(AGP卡槽内存分配设置):
这个项目可指定让AGP装置来使用的系统内存大小,这取用大小是PCI内存地址范围的一部份,可分配给图形内存的空间。
10.Init Display First:
这个项目可选择当系统开机时先行对AGP或是PCI插槽来做初始化的动作。
[AGP]:当系统开机时,它将会先对AGP插槽来做初始化的动作。
[PCI Slot]:当系统开机时,它将会先对PCI插槽来做初始化的动作。
11.AGP Data Transfer Rate(AGP速度设置):
这个项目允许你选择AGP装置的数据传输速率,更高的数据传输速率可对您的系统提供更快以及更佳的图形处理能力。请确认您的显示卡可以支持您所选择的模式。 现在买的显卡绝大多数都是8X,一般用默认的就可以。
四.Integrated Peripherals(集成设备设定)
这个是管理计算机的主板集成设备和端口的选项,具体项目因为主板不同,所以其中的设置会有所不同,这里就不详细解释,只是翻译给读者了解一下,各个用户在有必要的时候请按照主板说明书进行设置,但是在一般情况下这些设置是不必调节的!
1.OnChip IDE Device:
2.OnChip PCI Device
1.OnChip USB Controller:
这个选项开启或关闭USB端口。
2. USB 2.0 Controller:
这个选项开启或关闭USB 2.端口传输模式。
3.USB Keyboard Support Via:
此项目允许您去选择 [BIOS],以让您在DOS环境下可以使用USB键盘,或是选择 [OS] 以在OS环境下使用。
4.USB Mouse Support Via:
此项目允许您去选择 [BIOS],以让您在DOS环境下可以使用USB鼠标,或是选择 [OS] 以在OS环境下使用。
5.OnChip Audio Controller:
这个选项开启或关闭集成声卡设备。
3.SuperIO Device:
4.Onboard Parallel Port:
五.wer Management Features(电源管理模式设定)
呵呵,这里也不用多说了!一看就懂!大家自己可以按照自己的喜爱来设置这些电源管理的选项!只随便介绍一下“CPI Suspend Type”
六. PnP/PCI Configurations(PNP/PCI组态设定)
1.Resources Controlled By:
这个项目可对所有的开机以及即插即用之兼容装置进行组态的动作。
[Auto]: 系统将会自动地侦测所有的设定。
[Manual]: 在「IRQ Resources」选单中选择特定的IRQ资源。
2.IRQ Resources:
这个项目可设定各别系统的中断为[PCI Device]或是[Reserved]中之任一者。
3.PCI/VGA Palette Snoop:
这个项目可决定哪种MPEG ISA/VESA VGA卡可以(或是不能)与PCI/VGA一起运作。
[Enabled]: MPEG ISA/VESA VGA卡可以与PCI/VGA一起运作。
[Disabled]: MPEG ISA/VESA VGA卡不能与PCI/VGA一起运作。
七。PC Health Status(计算机健康状态设定)
这里的具体设置也不多讲了!前面的AMI Bios设置的文章里面已经详细的说明了!还有一些其他的COMS设置这里也就不再赘叙了,都是一些很简单的设置,大家只要看我的中文解释就能理解。
附一:BIOS自检响铃含义
一、Award BIOS自检响铃含义:
1短:系统正常启动。恭喜,你的机器没有任何问题。
2短:常规错误,请进入CMOS Setup,重新设置不正确的选项。
1长1短:RAM或主板出错。换一条内存试试,若还是不行,只好更换主板。
1长2短:显示器或显示卡错误。
1长3短:键盘控制器错误。检查主板。
1长9短:主板Flash RAM或EPROM错误,BIOS损坏。换块Flash RAM试试。
不断地响(长声):内存条未插紧或损坏。重插内存条,若还是不行,只有更换一条内存。
不停地响:电源、显示器未和显示卡连接好。检查一下所有的插头。
重复短响:电源有问题。
无声音无显示:电源有问题。
二、AMI BIOS自检响铃含义:
1短:内存刷新失败。更换内存条。
2短:内存ECC较验错误。在CMOS Setup中将内存关于ECC校验的选项设为Disabled就可以解决,不过最根本的解决办法还是更换一条内存。
3短:系统基本内存(第1个64kB)检查失败。换内存。
4短:系统时钟出错。
5短:中央处理器(CPU)错误。
6短:键盘控制器错误。
7短:系统实模式错误,不能切换到保护模式。
8短:显示内存错误。显示内存有问题,更换显卡试试。
9短:ROM BIOS检验和错误。
1长3短:内存错误。内存损坏,更换即可。
1长8短:显示测试错误。显示器数据线没插好或显示卡没插牢。
三、Phoenix BIOS自检响铃含义:
自检响铃 自检响铃含义
1短 系统启动正常
1短1短2短 主板错误
1短1短4短 ROM BIOS校验错误
1短2短2短 DMA初始化失败
1短3短1短 RAM刷新错误
1短3短3短 基本内存错误
1短4短2短 基本内存校验错误
1短4短4短 EISA NMI口错误
3短1短1短 从DMA寄存器错误
3短1短3短 主中断处理寄存器错误
3短2短4短 键盘控制器错误
3短4短2短 显示错误
4短2短2短 关机错误
4短2短4短 保护模式中断错误
4短3短3短 时钟2错误
4短4短1短 串行口错误
4短4短3短 数字协处理器错误
1短1短1短 系统加电初始化失败
1短1短3短 CMOS或电池失效
1短2短1短 系统时钟错误
1短2短3短 DMA页寄存器错误
1短3短2短 基本内存错误
1短4短1短 基本内存地址线错误
1短4短3短 EISA时序器错误
2短1短1短 前64K基本内存错误
3短1短2短 主DMA寄存器错误
3短1短4短 从中断处理寄存器错误
3短3短4短 屏幕存储器测试失败
3短4短3短 时钟错误
4短2短3短 A20门错误
4短3短1短 内存错误
4短3短4短 时钟错误
4短4短2短 并行口错误
附二:BIOS还原
各位朋友在进行计算机超频时,经常会遇到没有设置正确或者调节失败后可会出现系统不能正常进入,甚至开机都不行,这个时候我们就要进行COMS清空处理,一种方法时机器主板自带的功能,有些主板在超频失败后可以把电源切断后稍等一下,再进行开机,这是主板的安全保护功能就会自动加载安全Bios设置信息,但是这种方法只能针对部分主板,如果你试了这种不行的话,还有一种就是万能的清空Bios方法,拆开机箱,把主板上面的一颗纽扣电池拆下来,并找到纽扣电池旁边的一个三针跳针从一二针跳到二三针,然后再跳回来到一二针,再装上纽扣电池!这时Bios的设置已经清空还原到最原是状态!
祝你好运!
BIOS常见错误信息和解决方法
1.CMOS battery failed(CMOS电池失效)
原因:说明CMOS电池的电力已经不足,请更换新的电池。
2.CMOS check sum error-Defaults loaded(CMOS执行全部检查时发现错误,因此载入预设的系统设定值)
原因:通常发生这种状况都是因为电池电力不足所造成,所以不妨先换个电池试试看。如果问题依然存在的话,那就说明CMOS RAM可能有问题,最好送回原厂处理。
3.Display switch is set incorrectly(显示形状开关配置错误)
原因:较旧型的主板上有跳线可设定显示器为单色或彩色,而这个错误提示表示主板上的设定和BIOS里的设定不一致,重新设定可。
4.Press ESC to skip memory test(内存检查,可按ESC键跳过)
原因:如果在BIOS内并没有设定快速加电自检的话,那么开机就会执行内存的测试,如果你不想等待,可按ESC键跳过或到BIOS内开启Quick Power On Self Test。
5.Secondary Slave hard fail(检测从盘失败)
原因:1 CMOS设置不当(例如没有从盘但在CMOS里设有从盘)2硬盘的线、数据线可能未接好或者硬盘跳线设置不当。
6.Override enable-Defaults loaded(当前CMOS设定无法启动系统,载入BIOS预设值以启动系统)
原因:可能是你在BIOS内的设定并不适合你的电脑(像你的内存只能跑100MHz但你让它跑133MH) 这时进入BIOS设定重新调整即可。
7.Press TAB to show POST screen(按TAB键可以切换屏幕显示)
原因:有一些OEM厂商会以自己设计的显示画面来取代BIOS预设的开机显示画面,而此提示就是要告诉使用者可以按TAB来把厂商的自定义画面和BIOS预设的开机画面进行切换。
8.Resuming from disk,Press TAB to show POST screen(从硬盘恢复开机,按TAB显示开机自检画面)。
原因:某些主板的BIOS提供了Suspend to disk(挂起到硬盘)的功能,当使用者以Suspend to disk的方式来关机时,那么在下次开机时就会显示此提示消息。
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